April 2020

BACKGROUND: Intestinal anastomosis is a common procedure both in elective emergency surgeries. The key to a successful anastomosis is the accurate reunion of two viable bowel ends with complete avoidance of tension. Double layer anastomosis incorporates a large amount of ischemic tissue into the suture line leading to tension and increased chance of leakage and luminal narrowing while a single layer anastomosis causes minimal damage to vascular plexus and bowel lumen. OBJECTIVES: To study advantages of single layer v/s double layer anastomosis. METHODS: The materials for the clinical study were collected from patients admitted to Indira Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences Patna. GROUP1-All single layer anastomosis was performed by using continuous synthetic absorbable monofilament 3-0 suture taking all layers of bowel wall except the mucosa in to the bite. GROUP2-All double layered anastomosis was performed using continuous silk 3-0 Lembert suture for outer layer and continuous running Vicryl 3-0 suture for inner layer. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were included in the study. The average time taken for anastomosis was 9.12 min for single layer whereas for double layer it was 13.38 min. The mean time taken for return of bowel sounds for single layer anastomosis was 2.32 days whereas for double layer it was 3 days. The average duration of hospital stay was 5.9 days for single layer whereas for other group it was 7.29 days. CONCLUSION: Single layered extra mucosal anastomosis is much safer and cost effective than the conventional double layered method.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common cause of secondary hip osteoarthritis. Adult patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip develop secondary osteoarthritis and end up with total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a younger age. Because of the altered anatomy of dysplastic hips, THA in these patients represents a technically demanding procedure. There are different classifications of dysplastic hips in adults. Since in the majority of the cases the diagnosis is formed based on the clinical exam and X-rays, most common classifications are based on X-rays of the pelvis and hips. The most common is classification according to the Crowe with 4 different degrees of dysplasia. Crow classification is based on two-dimensional analysis of the pelvic X-ray and on, basically, just a vertical displacement of the femoral head, it is still predominant classification due to simplicity and availability.With the development of highly accurate CT images, the 3D printing technology has provided high precision implants for surgical solutions, improving the success rate of complex and difficult surgeries. In this study, the time to weight loading in the 3D printing patients was less than that for the conventional hip replacement patients. Additionally, the postoperative Harris scores were higher in the 3D printing group. Indicating that the 3D printed prostheses are closer to patients' anatomical structures, and allow for better coordination of human biomechanics. Also, the 3D printing technology applied in hip arthroplasty speeded up the recovery of patients after surgery and improved their quality of life. Based on these results, we suggest that the 3D printing approach provides a better short-term curative effect that is more consistent with the physiological structure and anatomical characteristics of the patient, and we anticipate that its use will help improve the lives of many patients.

Background: - The current study aimed to investigate awareness, general attitude and perspectives of a sample of dental students belonging to various levels of education residing in Telangana region regarding their knowledge and future expectations of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: An anonymous questionnaire consisting of 11 questions was distributed among 365 dental students which included final BDS students, interns, and Post-Graduation (PG) students belonging to KNR University of Health Sciences, Telangana. They were contacted through E‑mail and they have completed an online questionnaire. The data were collected, sorted and analysed in view of the objectives of the study, using descriptive analysis and Chi‑square tests of significance. Results: The results of this survey are indicative that education level and place of work had a significant effect on awareness regarding the use of CBCT in daily dental practice. It was found that out of 365 individuals who participated in the study, 135 of them were final year BDS students, 85 were interns and 145 were PG students. The rate of awareness about CBCT varied among the three groups with statistically significant difference (P<0.05) for various criteria. Conclusions: This study showed that having a higher education level and being in a tertiary workplace improved CBCT knowledge which in turn increased the number of patient referrals when the indications justified it for better diagnosis. Observing the positive attitude, it was concluded that students should be provided with thorough practical knowledge and efforts should be made to improve their practical knowledge.

Background: Magnification system is a popular practice in the dental procedures in the last 3 decades. A magnified view of a tooth surface may facilitate detection and removal of calculus that is located on the subgingival surface. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnification loupes as an adjunct to scaling procedure for the treatment of gingivitis or Periodontitis. The primary objective is to compare the results of ultrasonic scaling by with and without the use of Magnification loupes. Posture assessment was our secondary objective. Methods: The 26 patients who were selected for the study were subjected to non surgical treatment by ultrasonic scaling. The quadrants were divided equally between right and left sides. On one side ultrasonic scaling was performed with naked eye. On contralateral side ultrasonic scaling was performed with the use of Magnification loupes. Clinical baseline data including probing depths, oral hygiene index and Bleeding index were recorded before treatment and at 4 weeks. Results: At 4 weeks, compared with the control group, there were statistically significant difference in OHI and Bleeding Index. Conclusion: The use of magnification loupes for scaling did not significantly improve clinical outcomes as compared to scaling without any visual aid.

This article conceives a system of evaluation of the organizational performance of a node of the associative network of the African athletics. Performance indicators aligned with the major strategic objective have been developed and integrated into a performance construct of a network entity. The developed measurement system assesses the organizational performance of the outputs against baseline activity forecasts perceived by the network's top. It is likely to constitute the frame of a physical computing medium that can generate objective values different from the sports results in force for evaluation purposes of this network.

A successful management of full mouth rehabilitation demands a multi-disciplinary approach for its long-term success. Treatment of a maxillary and mandibular distal free end edentulous arch along with upper and lower anterior teeth requires various contemporary and conventional prosthodontic treatment modalities. Management of distal extension situation provides complexity of biomechanical problems due to the three-dimensional movements of the distal extension denture. Cast partial dentures can be an excellent option when economic or anatomic conditions do not permit the use of dental implants. They give functionally and esthetically good results. This article describes full mouth rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with cast partial dentures and fixed partial denture.

This study was conducted to investigate the students' English language proficiency and anxiety level among Freshmen College and Senior High School students at the Visayas State University (VSU). The first set of data was gathered from 227 Freshmen College students selected at random. Research instruments used were a questionnaire, English proficiency tests, and in-depth interviews. Data were gathered using descriptive statistics. Wilcoxon and Friedman analyses were also used. Results showed that the Freshmen College students' overall English language proficiency is "fair". Most of them had average proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Only a few got high proficiency level in these areas. Through in-depth interviews, results further revealed that the factors affecting the respondents' English language proficiency were the type of school attended, sources of support, English teachers, study habits, and attitudes toward the English language. The study has come to conclude that respondents were aware of their level of language proficiency, and that they could attribute this on some factors that somewhat affect their learning of the target language. The second set of data was gathered from 203 Senior High School students through a questionnaire and English proficiency tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson r statistical analysis was employed to determine relationship between proficiency and anxiety. Findings revealed that the Senior High School students were competent users of the English language in four language skills -- listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This means that they can communicate and express their ideas well using the English language. Results suggest that taking a proficiency test to determine one's level in language proficiency would be a good challenge for students if they really do want to improve their proficiency in the target language which is English.

India is rich in water resources, having a network of as many as 113 rivers and vast alluvial basins to hold plenty of ground water. But due to tremendous increase in the demand of water due to increase in population as well as the deterioration of available water, it has now become the necessity to find ways to reuse the available water. Hence it becomes important to find ways to treat the available polluted water in the simplest way for the benefit of mankind. In this work, evaluation of vermifiltration using different natural ingredients and activated charcoal is done. Activated charcoal is used as natural Ingredient employing Eisenia Fetida (Earthworm species) to filter sewage waste water. The whole investigation was carried out for 90 days and the filtrated water was tested for various critical parameters namely, pH, removal efficiency of BOD, COD, Total dissolved solids, Total suspended solids, Turbidity, Odour, Colour, Nitrate, Chlorine. The aim of this review is to evaluate the performance of vermifilter using activated charcoal.

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral health problem affecting one or more teeth of many individuals. Recently, considerable attention is being given to the research concerning the use of mineral components of inorganic portion of the tooth structure - calcium and phosphate in dentistry. Nano-HAP containing dentifrices are newer products which are available in market for DH. Objective: To compare and evaluate the effect of nano-HAP dentifrice with 5% Potassium nitrate containing dentifrice, which has been widely used in reducing DH. Methods: The study was a single centre, randomized double blind, parallel group design with a duration of 4 weeks. About 46 patients were selected, randomly divided into two groups and provided with one of the either dentifrices: • Nano-HAP containing - AclaimTM, Group Pharmaceuticals, Bangalore, India. • 5% Potassium Nitrate containing - RA ThermosealTM, ICPA Health Products Ltd., Mumbai, India. They were evaluated clinically using three different stimuli, i.e., tactile, air blast, and cold water test. Patient’s response to various stimuli were recorded using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline and after 4 weeks. Inter-group comparison and Intra-group comparison at baseline and after 4 weeks were evaluated using Mann-Whitney Test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test for non-normally distributed variables. Results: Both groups showed reduction in sensitivity scores at 4 weeks of usage of respective dentifrices, difference between groups was statistically non-significant. Conclusions: Because nano-HAP containing dentifrice showed greater reduction in sensitivity compared to potassium nitrate containing dentifrice, it may provide a new direction for treatment of DH.

Cotton is the main cash crop in Burkina Faso and the total cotton acreage is over1/10 of arable land. But, the overall benefit of cotton is negatively affected by decreasing yields due to constant soil degradation. The current study is a contribution to a better understanding of soil biological and chemical properties changes under cotton farming system. To do so, a study was undertaken at Farako-Bâ research stationina split-plot design with crop rotations including cotton in the main plots and fertilization options in the secondary plots. The results showed higher soil organic carbon and nitrogen in rotation “Rice-cotton” plots compared to the other rotations. The results showed also a significant increase in soil phosphorus from 68.57 to 148.76 mg/kg1. However, the level of these nutrients was below the recommended rates to support a good crop production. The soil biological activity was better with the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers and highest for “Rice-cotton” rotation compared to cotton monoculture. Our results show positive correlation between soil biological activities and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and soil available phosphorus. The sustainability of the cotton farming system depends highly on suitable combination of good agricultural practices.

Novel coronavirus was first reported on December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and so far more than 33,00,000 infections and over 2,34,000 deaths have been reported. The detail mechanism of action of this virus to host cell or body is remaining unknown. This virus could transfer during human-to-human close contacts, with a basic reproductive number about 2.5. To identify the target for vaccine therapy or other antiviral drug design, it is important to understand the virus attachment mechanism to the host, replication, transmission, etc. This study is an overview of these mechanisms reported so far from different research groups. This review will help us to understand COVID-19 and its mechanism of action in human body.

Urethral strictures in children are rare. Their incidence is not reported even in text books. Even institutions with 32 years of practice have experienced only a few cases. Principles we use for adult strictures is followed for children. Most of strictures in children are due to trauma. Most common strictures are Posterior urethral distraction Defects. The posterior injuries are difficult to manage than in adult. Incidence of incontinence and impotence higher than adult injuries. The anterior urethral injuries are commonly due to urethral instrumentation. Straddle injuries are very uncommon, as in this patient. Can be managed effectively like adult injuries.

Swift and virulent, the CORONA VIRUS continues to sweep across the globe causing the deadly infectious COVID-19 disease with such a violent and calculated force that the world struggles to find ways to understand, control, combat or even intercept this new virus. The world is gripped in fear! The word coronavirus refers to the family of viruses that cause respiratory infections that it belongs to and COVID-19 is the official name for the disease it causes. 1 At this point Stanford University has announced that the Corona virus may be up to 85 times more infectious then being reported. 2 As scientists and healthcare workers contemplate the negative impact and deadly pathological aspects of this disease the goal of finding a viable treatment option becomes increasingly important for a disease that presently has no known cure. Right now several options are being investigated in laboratories worldwide to help pharmaceutical companies develop treatments and vaccinations, but development of these involves accurate research and timely trials that will prevent immediate availability. So what about the alternative options? There are actually unique and effective alternative phytochemical medicinals that can treat viruses including the Corona virus and others like SARS and H1N1. But overall it is known that in the west the general public is not encouraged to consider alternative medicine as a first-option, especially for treating a global pandemic condition like this! Although alternative methods are just as viable scientifically and have been proven effective for treatment of symptoms experienced with the COVID-19 – the public may be too afraid to contemplate this right now. But, what if these options work? As a doctor, parent and world citizen, I would truly appreciate any type of a feasible treatment defense against this pandemic - I feel that it would be crucially valuable to me, my family, my community, and ultimately to the world. So far though, knowledge of an alternative option like this for COVID-19 has eluded mainstream officials and the mainstream media has not even mentioned the topic. PubMed ONLY has one listing 3 and more content can be found about alternative options on YouTube than from a western medical doctor in a hospital setting, but In the east the situation is very different. In China, alternative and mainstream medicine reside side-by-side in the same hospitals, alternative medicines were and still are being utilized to treat the virus and this has helped many of their patients recover and control the deadly symptoms of the virus. In the USA however, alternative medicine is not considered mainstream and at the time of an outbreak it may not even considered a relevant or safe option because it is not thought to be truly medicinal or effective enough for treating extreme conditions like COVID-19. The fact is, studies show that there are several safe, effective alternative treatment options for COVID-19 that work.

Targeted anit-cancer drugs in general and Tyrosine Kinas inhibitors specifically have been approved and used recently; so did the understanding of their limitations and side effects. Hitherto, side effects of certain Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors are still being reported with no or little precedents. An example of these rare under reported adverse reactions is hepatic encephalopathy (HE) which has been reported for a total of 11 times with Sunitinib, Regorafenib, Sorafenib and once with Pazopanib. This is a case of a 32-year-old known case of advanced breast adenocarcinoma who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and radiotherapy with excellent response initially but progressed unfortunately to include metastatic chondrosarcoma. Pazopanib has been offered to the patient at her late stages as part of a palliative therapy plan. Soon after, the patient presented to the ER with change in level of consciousness. After ruling out other differentials; HE has been suspected then approved when symptoms resolved after its discontinuation and proper management. The infrequent encounter of HE as a side effect of Pazopanib renders its diagnosis a challenge. This case illustrates the importance of keeping an open mind to rare diagnoses and is a valuable addition to the literature in this matter.

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre o gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviço de saúde gerados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde no município de Anápolis-Goiás. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa.Foi utilizada a amostra probabilística aleatória simples por sorteio, a partir de uma lista no total de 35 Unidades existentes, da qual foi escolhida a amostra desejada, de 20 UBS no total para atender 57% da assistência atendida no Município de Anápolis GO. A amostra foi composta por 14 enfermeiros (as). Foi utilizado o método de análise a partir da perspectiva de BARDIN (2011). Resultados: Através da análise dos dados foram levantadas 4 categorias e 1 subcategoria, sendo elas: Categoria 1: Conhecimento sobre o RSS e a sua dificuldade em classificá-los.Subcategoria 1.1: A falta de estrutura e oferta dos insumos dificultam o fluxo de segregação e manejo dos RSS.Categoria 2: A incerteza sobre o manejo externo e a disposição final dos RSS.Categoria 3: A importância do enfermeiro na elaboração do PGRSS e sua contribuição na assistência de enfermagem indireta.Categoria 4: As ações de enfermagem na educação continuada e permanente para redução dos impactos ambientais causados pela falta do GRSS. Considerações: A falta do conhecimento técnico acerca do PGRSS vem de encontro com o pouco contato com as legislações vigentes que abordam essa temática. O conhecimento das leis e resoluções com abordagem ambiental se faz necessário para a prática da assistência segura exercida pelo profissional de enfermagem, com ênfase no enfermeiro.O enfermeiro, como líder da equipe de enfermagem, desempenha um papel importante quanto à orientação e supervisão das etapas relativas ao adequado manejo dos RSS nas UBS, até o seu descarte final. Esse profissional articula-se com os demais atuando, tanto em situações terapêuticas quanto naquelas gerenciais, inclusive, participando das negociações das políticas institucionais, e demais atividades, onde pode-se citar a elaboração do PGRSS. Acredita-se que espaços de reflexão, no cotidiano da assistência, podem produzir mudanças na realidade de trabalho. Essa investigação desperta para a necessidade de implantação de estratégias de educação, objetivando minimizar agravos à saúde e ao meio ambiente oriundos do descarte incorreto dos RSS.

A Simple and an efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2-cinnamoyl-benzo[g] indazoles are reported. A new series of 2-cinnamoyl- benzo[g] indazole derivatives were synthesized by the treatment of appropriate of 2-(Substitued arylidene)-1-tetralones with cinnamoyl hydrazide using catalytic amount of acetic acid in polyethylene glycol-400 as reaction solvent under mild reaction condition. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by the spectral analysis. The advantage of this method is simple and efficient work up, shorter reaction time and use of inexpensive catalyst is reported.

Background: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia employees a large number of health professionals from various nationalities. It is pertinent to assume that nursing of patients would be affected seriously owing to the differences in professional attitude of health care nurses working in various hospitals in KSA. Moreover, there is no research study that has investigated the outdoor patient’s satisfaction, therefore this study is to provide base line for evaluating patients satisfaction regarding health care services. Purpose: Main aim of this study was to assess the patients’ satisfaction related to quality of nursing care provided at King Khaled (KKH) and King Fahad (KFH) Hospitals in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to recruit 100 patients from outpatient department (OPD) in two regional hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A standardized questionnaire, “Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) was used to collect data with slight modifications to suit regional cultural variations. Results: The majority of the OPD patients were satisfied with the quality of nursing care provided by the two governmental hospitals. Courtesy and respect was found to be the highest rates parameter among the several tested parameters of quality care which indicates a strong cultural norms of care and family values are still intact. It also revealed that the patients were least satisfied on how much nurses values the importance of choices with regards to treatment and the recognition of patient’s opinions. Conclusion: Overall quality of nursing care was satisfactory however a communication gap between patients and nurses needs to be removed wherein patients would be involved in making decision about certain medical care and treatments. Health care strategies should thus focus on improving communication skills of the nursing staff to have a stronger impact on health care satisfaction level among the patients.

A business ecosystem provides the assets and environment within which entrepreneurs and businesses operate. The health status of the business ecosystem influences the development, growth and sustainability of the enterprises. Agribusiness incubation being a new concept in Africa and executed using different models coupled with the sparse assets, there is a need to develop an understanding of agribusiness incubation and the operational ecosystem. An Incubator ecosystem mapping provides the baseline understanding of the resources including assets necessary for successful agribusiness incubation services to be provided. The mapping process included consultations with Agricultural, Technical, Vocational Education and Training institutes (40), recommendations from the project inception meetings, information derived from the field data collected from 24 Research /Vocational/ Technical Institutes, 90 Agribusinesses, 7 Associations, 30 Service providers, 16 Financial service providers, 11 policy related institutions, 3 Government Ministries in Accra, 4 Incubators, 30 Ministry of Food &Agriculture (MOFA) potential incubators, 50 Potential Incubators by Ministry of Business Development and 60 Business Advisory Centers (BACs). The mapping identified several institutions such as colleges of agriculture and vocational institutes with assets that could support agriculture and agribusiness incubation for in cubatees or accelerate small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to create opportunities. The diagnostic concluded that the existing assets were able to enrich the incubation ecosystem and support the growth and development of incubators. Depending on the geolocation and spatial distribution, the different assets could play a critical supporting role in enriching the incubators ecosystems and increase the probability of success of any business incubation program. In conclusion, it was established while the incubator and entrepreneurship ecosystem is improving in Ghana, there were still fundamental changes that needed to happen, especially focused on the management of viable assets, attitudes towards working together, enhanced cooperation and less competition as well as government increasing its efforts to provide affordable co-working spaces and collaborating with private business and capacity development providers. The diagnostic review recommended that there was need for diverse ecosystem actors to collaborate on initiatives aimed at building the business ecosystem. This would improve the business incubation ecosystem, the operating environment; accelerate the nurturing of innovations, which would in turn improve the growth and the success of fledgling start-ups for enhanced decent jobs and wealth generation.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated in China, has become a major public health challenge for all the countries around the world. The World Health Organization has declared thishappeningas a public health emergency of international concern. As of April 20, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized to spread globally, with a total of 2,314,621 laboratory-confirmed cases and 1, 57, 847 deaths. Infection control measures are necessary to prevent the virus from spreading further. Considering dental practice, the risk of spreading this infection is very high between patients and dentists. In this regard, for dental clinics and hospitals in affected areas with COVID-19, strict and effective infection control protocols are urgently needed. This article highlights essential knowledge about Covid-19, its spread in dental settings, preventive measures for it and management protocols for dental practitioners, based on relevant guidelines and research.

Background: Intramuscular vascular malformations are uncommon tumours in the head and neck region. The masseter muscle is the most common site. Approximately 40% of the venous malformations are located in the head and neck region and occasionally are associated with phleboliths. Because of their rare occurrence, deep location and unfamiliar presentation, these malformations are often difficult to diagnose and treat subsequently. Objective: The objective of the study is to formulate a correct diagnosis and treatment plan when this type of lesion is encountered to prevent untoward complications or recurrence. Case Report: We present a case of a middle aged lady, presenting with secondarily infected intra masseteric venous malformation with phleboliths. The lesion was excised in toto along with the masseter muscle and the patient was followed up for 6 months. Conclusion: Any lesion in the region of the parotid or angle-ramus must be evaluated thoroughly prior to surgery. In cases of Intra masseteric venous malformations, where surgery is the primary option, total masseteric excision should be the treatment of choice as there is negligible cosmetic or functional disability, a better chance of clearance and reduced incidence of recurrence.

Fibromatosis colli of infancy of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is a benign neck mass in neonates and infants.It is a rare entity which needs early diagnosis and conservative management so that it can avoid unnecessary investigations and reduce parental anxiety.

Introduction: Dental malocclusions are one of the most common oral health problems and are associated with difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene. Mouthwashes may affect the plaque formation and reduces the number of streptococcus mutan count. Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of alcoholic, non-alcoholic and organic mouthwash on the level of streptococcus mutans in the during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: 120 patients aged between 12 -20 years who visited the department were selected and randomly allocated into four l groups. Microbial records and periodontal parameters obtained before bonding (T0), 1 week (T1), 2 week (T2), 3 week (T3), and 4 week (T4) after bonding and colonies were counted under Stereomicroscope and the results were expressed as colony forming units per milliliter and analysis was done using the SPSS (p<0.05). Conclusion: On comparison it was found that both organic mouthwash (Hiora) and non alcoholic mouthwash (Rexidin Plus) showed comparable clinical and microbiological results.

Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge of periodic health examination among teachers and, therefore, to assess the need to increase the knowledge of and training on PHE. Method: Cross-sectional, analytical study. Conducted throughout September 2019. The study involved 18 secondary schools, selected randomly from the 10 different educational sectors, in Makkah al-Mukarrama. Our total participants were 214 male teachers. Results: More than half of the participants (55.7%) had “weak” knowledge of PHE, 41.4%of the participants had no knowledge of PHE, and only 3.0% had average knowledge. Conclusion: More effort is needed to ensure that periodic health examination is practiced. There is a need to study the factors associated with the uptake of periodic health examination (PHE) among the study population.

Introduction: WHO report that The number of people with diabetes mellitus has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014.in KSA the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was 14.4% Objectives: the study Aims to assess the effectiveness of diabetic health education on diabetes clinical outcome ( in term of Hemoglobin,A1C,Weight control and Blood pressure) ,among type 2 patients in Riyadh City capital of Kingdom , Saudi Arabia). Methods: This was comparative cross-sectional observational study deciding to choose two hospitals one with organized health education system embedded within the routine care of the outpatient clinic (University diabetic center) in King Abdul-Aziz university hospital, and the other with on demand health education and compare the out come of care in 200 patients from both hospitals. Result: The study proved that there were differences between the two groups in the University diabetic center scores. where patients had a better understating of diabetes and believed more in the importance of care to control and reduce the chances of having diabetes complications. Also the study showed that patients who received organized health education had a higher self-empowerment. Moreover, organized education will cover most of the topics about the disease. Participants from University diabetic center were more satisfied about their general health which can lead us to assume their health was controlled or improved over time. Conclusion: Health education showed an effect on patient knowledge and understanding of the disease. Believing in importance of care will also increase with health education. In addition, self-efficacy and empowerment will be more in patients who receive health education. But the results showed that having the information doesn't necessarily result in practice and behavior change, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index and blood pressure readings did not differ from both hospitals. Also patients' behaviors including diet and exercise are the same in both hospitals. However, future research is required due to the limitation of the study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the actual and effective symphysis with other craniofacial parameters to detect the direction of mandibular growth. Material and Methods: The sample for the study consisted of 120 patients (60 males and 60 females) with age of the subjects ranging from 18 to 30 years, having Class I skeletal and dental relations and full permanent dentition regardless the third molars. Two symphyseal measurements with eleven measurements for mandibular rotation were assessed using AutoCAD computer program. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics, Independent samples t-test and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient were used to evaluate the correlation of the actual and effective symphysis with other craniofacial parameters, gender difference and the ethnic difference. Results: For both the genders and the total sample, the actual symphysis did not show any significant correlation with the facial heights and the mandibular rotation angles, whereas on the other hand, the effective symphysis showed significant positive correlations with Jarabak ratio and saddle angle, and significant negative correlations with SN-MP, PP-MP, FMA, and Sum of of posterior angles. Conclusion: Effective symphysis is a good predictor of the direction of mandibular rotation whereas the actual symphysis is a bad predictor. Also, actual symphysis exhibited ethnic differences when compared to the Iraqi population.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are public health problems. Women with Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are five times more likely to have perinatal death compared with women who have no hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Objectives: The aim of this review is to determine associated factors and describe maternal and fetal outcomes of hypertension disorders in pregnancy in africa south of the sahara. Methods: We did a comprehensive literature review using the databases Pub Med/Medline, and search engine google scholar. We selected sources of publications and conducted an analysis of articles in order to keep the most relevant ones concerning our problematic. The search consisted of a literature review of databases PubMed/ Medline and search engines Google scholar. Keywords in english were: hypertension, pregnancy, africa south of the sahara. Keywords in french were: hypertension artérielle, grossesse, afrique au sud du sahara. Mesh terms were: hypertension, pregnancy, africa south of the sahara. Results: Fifteen articles were selected. Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy ranges from 1.2% to 18.25%. Several factors were associated with hypertension disorders in pregnancy. These factors included, age of women; parity, level of education, residence area, lifestyle. There are many maternal consequences including premature delivery, cesarean delivery, preeclampsia and eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, maternal death. Fetal outcomes are also dramatic, including preterm birth, stunting, low birth weight, poor APGAR, respiratory distress or perinatal death. Conclusion: This review shows that hypertensive disorders in pregnancy cause a high burden of morbidity mortality both in mothers as in their offspring.

Stroke disease is a medical condition caused due to inadequate supply of blood to the brain cell that damages the cell and may result in death. In developing country like Ethiopia, the death of stroke patient increases from year to year due to the scarcity of specialists and health facilities. This lack of effort to address such a problem, this research study focuses to design and develop a prototype system by integrating data mining results with knowledge-based system that facilitate diagnosis and treatment for a patient and provides an advice and risk level for the patient. Mixed research design and an integrated knowledge acquisition method were used to acquire knowledge. Orange and WEKA tool were used as hybrid data mining tool to preprocess, analyze datasets and designing the prediction model. About six classification algorithms were comparatively analyzed and finally JRIP classification algorithm has been registered with the better accuracy of 94.16% under 10-fold cross-validation. Rule-based knowledge representation technique was used to represent knowledge in the knowledge base, SWI-Prolog was used to construct knowledge base, Java NetBeans was employed to design GUI for the KBS, JPL library was used as a middleware between knowledge base and designed GUI. Finally, after the system has scored 90% system performance and 89.9% user acceptance which is a promising result that achieves the objective of the study.

CORONA-19 cases in the world are approximately 20 lacs till April 17, 2020, while deaths reported so far is around 1.25 lacs; and there is no vaccine/no exact medicine. In India, the total cases till 17th April, are about 14000; and deaths reported are about 450. The humanity is facing a tough time in the whole globe; more than 200 countries are in the grip of the pandemic CORONA -19. Then, what’s to be done! The doctors are trying drugs like Hydroxychloroquine, HIV drugs, and so; but there is no respite. Then why not to use some other drugs/methods which are less expensive, easy to administer and having no side effect. Therefore, it becomes important to combat the tenacity of the SARS-CoV-2, by adopting alternative system of medicines and nutritional approaches. Earlier, some of the authors of the paper have discussed the concept of ‘Biogeogens’, to deal with any health issues, taking into account all the concerned factors holistically. Therefore, on the basis of extensive research and earlier evidences, an integrative and novel approach of utilizing the far infrared radiation, homeopathic medicine and nutraceuticals, has been suggested to prevent the spread and viral infectivity of SARS- CoV-2.

Background: Optimum treatment and prevention of mental illness appears a neglected area within healthcare, with continuous rise in diagnosed cases. Aim: The aim was to investigate whether social and lifestyle factors can be associated with the onset of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms amongst people 18 years and over. Methods: A self-completed questionnaire collected data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, social factors and participants perceptions of experiencing depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. The demographics, lifestyle and social factors were then used to explore their association with reported depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Results: Depression symptoms had a greater association with the level of alcohol consumption (100%, 88% and 55% in high, medium-and low-level drinkers). Smoking was more prevalent in participants reporting depressive symptoms (80%) when compared to non-smokers (68%). Low income was found to be associated with a high prevalence of depressive and stress symptoms (73% and 91%) and high income was found to associated with stress symptoms only (75%). Lack of companionship was reported by 89% of participants who experienced symptoms of depression. Conclusion: A positive correlation was found between alcohol consumption and depression and anxiety. In this study sample, smoking was associated with depression alone and not with anxiety or stress. Low income and depressive or stress symptoms association was significant, no strong association was found with anxiety. Stress was reported by high-income participants. Lack of companionship was reported by those who reported depressive symptoms more so than those reported anxiety and stress.

Neurocysticercercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by ingestion of eggs of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm.NCC presenting with psychiatricmanifestation is not uncommonand often causes diagnostic confusion.1Seizure is the most common presentation of the disease but it may present with features of raised ICP such as headache or even neuropsychiatric disorders suchas psychosis.2 We present a case report in which a patient of NCC presented initially with symptoms of acute and transient psychotic disorder followed by partial seizures.

The COVID-19 is the most recently discover of the corona virus which causes respiratory infections consisting of two large scale pandemics MERS & SARS and found to be zoonotic in origin. The disease started from Wuhan´s local seafood market in China and infected 2,761 people. The 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of critically ill patients and have shown it 96% identical to bat coronavirus and bearing same cell entry receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2).Corona means crown in Latin and it look like a crown under a microscope. Corona virus causes an infectious disease where most infected people suffered from mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, older people and those with underlying medical problems, develop serious illness. It can be prevented by washing the hands or using an alcohol-based to rub them and avoid touching the face. Outbreak is small but unusual, the epidemic is outbreak over a larger geographic area while pandemic spreads to multiple countries. China on 31 December 2019 first informed the world about COVID-19 and WHO declared on 11 March 2020 that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic. Scientists suspected that corona virus originated in a bat and before passing to human hopped to another animal. Japan, USA, France, Australia, Germany, Italy and Spain reported their first case on 16,19,24,25,27,31 and 31 January 2020 respectively. In February new cases were reported by Iran, Pakistan, England on 19,26,28 respectively while in March cases seen in South Africa, Turkey on 5 and 10 respectively. WHO on 11 March 2020 assessed the outbreak as a pandemic. The spread of disease as a pandemic occurred due to movement of carriers outside China. Strict quarantine needed to prevent spread of disease.The code of ethics for social distancing should be defined and strictly implemented. Selling, buying and eating of wildlife animals should be internationally banned.

With the onset of technology, the world is shrinking at a phenomenal pace. What used to be a supply chain nightmare, now with interconnected solutions has become a globalized model of world integration in the form of economy, culture and infrastructure. This review article is a detailed understanding of how informational, communicational and transnational investment has impacted the local, regional and global economies.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has thrown the corporate world into a tizzy due to the inevitable lockdown and associated challenges. All over the world, businesses and brands are suffering a downturn. In this uncertain time, consumers suffer from anxiety that eventually leads to decreased consumer confidence. Maintaining the confidence through overt and covert communication should be the call of the day. In India, companies are trying their best to maintain their brand image and reputation to boost up the level of confidence among the consumers. So far, advertisements that showcase the brands to be a useful tool in fighting the disease or something that can improve the well being of consumers have been highlighted. Companies have also committed their resources towards the societal marketing which can go a long way to maintain their reputation and image in the market. Objective: This study throws light on the endeavour of Indian brands in this regard and predicts a better future ahead. Methods: Secondary data have been analyzed, collected from different websites cited along the course of discussion. Results and Conclusion: It will not be an exaggeration to expect that consumers will remember the brands and companies that stood by them in time of crisis and fulfilled their social commitments. The confidence is expected to upsurge once the present situation is improved.

Objetivo: Descrever a aplicação de duas oficinas na modalidade de curso com a temática do Processo de Enfermagem, em ambiente hospitalar. Método: Relato de experiência sobre atividade educativa com enfermeiros e acadêmicos de enfermagem, realizada em duas oportunidades, nos anos de 2017 e 2018. Resultados: As atividades desenvolvidas permitiram desmistificar aspectos teórico-práticos da aplicação do processo de enfermagem. De igual modo, os ensino das diferenças conceituais entre Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermageme Processo de Enfermagem permitiram aos participantes compreender melhor os termos e sua aplicação, enfatizando-se que o primeiro termo relacionava-se à organização e à gestão do serviço de enfermagem, e o segundo à organização do cuidado, à prática assistencial e à documentação clínica de enfermagem. Conclusão: As atividades educativas possibilitaram verificar a aplicabilidade do processo de enfermagem em cenários reais de cuidado. Pela estratégia adotada, os alunos articularam conhecimentos teóricos ao fazer prático, desdobrando-se essas atividades em recurso didático-pedagógico, ao integrar teoria e prática.

This study was conducted to investigate the students’ euphemism in oral communication with regard to their conversational cursing, familiarity, views and attitudes. This study used the naturalistic approach using a research instrument first used by Jay (1992) and Vernon (2016). For this present study, the first set of respondents composed of 60 AB-English Language (AB-EL) students also answered another set of survey to elicit reasons why they curse and the dominant functions of cursing in their oral communication. Descriptive statistics was used to determine relationships among the variables and chi-square tests were run to investigate whether distributions of categorical variables differ from one another. Results showed that students curse moderately per day garnering a frequency of 41.67%. Most students use more Major curse words than their Weaker variants. To determine the reasons why students use curse words, this study used the NPS Theory of Cursing by Timothy Jay (2009). It consists of three interconnecting and interdependent areas: Neurological Control, Psychological Restraints, and Socio-cultural Restrictions. In the first area which is the neurological control, most students never considered Tourette syndrome and Novelty as reasons why they curse. Automacity (30%) gained an interesting positive response followed by Emotional Arousal (33.33%). Under Psychological Restraints, the students responded that Impulsivity (36.67%) is always the reason why they curse followed by Coping Skills (31.67%), then Moral Reasoning (15%) and Deviance (15%). Finally in the Socio-cultural Restrictions, findings revealed that students always curse because of Intimacy (40%) and Disgust (40%) followed by Privacy, Gender Role, and lastly, Formality. Results further showed that there is no significant relationship between students’ perception on the functions of cursing and their age, and that the students believe that firstly, cursing relieves pain and stress and secondly, cursing boosts confidence and makes communication comfortable. Ultimately, results showed that cursing is not a very serious matter to the students. Students just curse for some reasons other than making it a serious business for a more profound oral communication. The second set of respondents composed of 47 AB-English Language (AB-EL) students answered a self-report questionnaire on euphemism familiarity and views and attitudes toward euphemism. Results showed that students have distinct characteristics regarding the application of euphemistic terms, and that they have positive neutral views and attitudes toward euphemism regardless of their diverse familiarity of euphemistic terms. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the students’ euphemism familiarity and their views and attitudes toward euphemism. Findings then revealed that euphemism could neutralize or lessen the harshness of curse words or offensive terms, thus lifting the strength of the offensive words to a lighter degree acceptable to any types of audiences and situations. To sum up, the outcomes of this research on euphemism and cursing offer a valuable means of establishing an understanding which explains the exploitation of euphemisms in the oral communication context.

The present study is conducted the impact of Kanyashree Prakalpa on academic performance of girl’s students in West Bengal. The Govt of West Bengal, Honourable Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has announced a scheme names Kanyashree Prakalpa to improve the social status and life of a women. The main objectives of this study are to know the impact of Kanyashree Prakalpa on academic performance in the respect of location (urban &rural), economic status (APL& BPL). The data are collected from randomly selected 400 girl students from urban and rural colleges of North 24 Parganas division. The questionnaire was developed and standardized by the researcher with the help of research guide. The raw data are tabulated in MS-Ex cell 2010 and t-test, χ 2 was used with the help of SPSS. The findings of the study reveal that there are significant impact Kanyashree Prakalpa and academic performance in girls’ students.

In this paper, energy poverty is measured on households in Benin using Boardman's economic approach. The survey covered a sample of 640 households selected by simple random probability sampling. The households are mainly located in rural and peri-urban areas. The results indicate that out of all the households surveyed, 506 households or 79.06% are in energy poverty. The study also reveals that households living in energy poverty mainly use firewood (76.48%) followed by charcoal (18.18%) as a source of cooking energy. These sources are combined with inefficient or poorly efficient cooking stoves and poorly efficient and expensive lighting energy sources. In fact, the majority of these households use three-stone stoves (67.19%), followed by woodlouse stoves (16.40%). Dry cell flashlights (34.78%) are the main source of energy for lighting, followed by kerosene lamps (24.70%). All these factors combined with the high cost of improved households and low income justify the energy poverty status of households. Household members found to be energy poor report suffering from respiratory health problems (46.05%) and 50% of them suffer from visual health problems.

Over the past few decades, particularly after the discovery of pharmacology, several realms in the field of medical research and practices have drawn the valid contribution of the use of cannabis for medicinal purposes. Research indicates that medical cannabis is useful in the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy, epilepsy, adult chronic pain treatment, and multiple sclerosis. Despite this significant result, the topic remains debatable in many countries, including Lebanon. In this paper, we focus on understanding the ability and willingness of different Lebanese community layers that have a direct or indirect impact on the legalization of cannabis use. Sensing the political and social constituent of the Lebanese community, it is inevitable to survey various categories, including Politicians of multiple sects, religious representatives, and doctors of different specialties, including hematology /oncology and neurology. Hence, a qualitative approach using a semi-structured interview used to explore the depth of participants’ understanding and perspectives on the topic in addition to the intangible factors such as social constructions, norms, socioeconomic status, gender roles, ethnicity, and religion. We find that a considerable percentage of the total categories (81%) support the legalization of cannabis for medical purposes, whereas (19%) either support with reservation or decline to position themselves in either category of opinion. Parliament representatives all advocate the medical use of cannabis with operant concerns on abuse and control; on the other hand, Religious category experience discrepancy in the perspective of the legislating cannabis as far as there is an alternative to it. (71% support the legalization while 29% express a significant concern). As for the physicians,75% uphold the legalization of cannabis for medical use and show a sincere will to prescribe for patients who are in medical need compared to 17% who don’t undergird cannabis use and 8% who declined to answer the question. The article concludes with a preposition on the possible model to govern the legalization of medical cannabis, which might be of interest to public policy specialists or further research in the field of medical cannabis.

In 21 st century endodontics regeneration of apical tissues and root elongation is possible in necrotic immature permanent teeth. The purpose of this case report is to add a novel technique in regenerative endodontic therapy by using curcumin impregnated collagen for revitalization of immature non vital tooth through blood clot. An 11year old boy with the history of trauma was diagnosed with the pulpal necrosis and symptomatic apical periodontitis in tooth #21. Intra oral periapical radiograph showed open apex with large periapical pathology. Access preparation and minimal instrumentation was done to remove necrotic debris under copious irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Triple antibiotic paste was packed in the canal for four weeks. During second visit, Triple antibiotic paste was removed and canal was dried and collagen impregnated with curcumin was placed with Buchanan Hand Plugger Size (#2) 2 mm beyond the confines of working length and after this procedure a sterile 23-gauge needle was placed at 2 mm beyond the working length. With sharp strokes, the needle was pushed past the confines of the canal into the periapical tissue to intentionally induce bleeding into the canal. Three millimeters of Mineral trioxide (MTA) Angelis was placed in cervical part of the root canal and permanent restoration with GIC and Composite was done. Clinical examination at 6 and 12 months revealed no sensitivity to percussion and palpation in tooth #21and it responded positively to both electric pulp and cold tests. Radiographic examination showed resolution of periapical rarefaction, further root development and apical closure of the tooth #21. On the basis of successful outcome of the present case it can be stated that curcumin impregnated collagen increases the healing kinetics and may serve as a scaffold for regeneration of necrotic immature teeth.

Free radicals are unstable molecules that have an unpaired electron in their last orbital, which makes them highly unstable agents. In medicine it has been discovered that they play an important role in cell signaling and without them some cells such as leukocytes or sperm could not perform their biological functions. To protect itself from these oxidizing agents, the cell has a defense system based on antioxidants; However, when this balance is lost and oxidizing agents exceed the cellular antioxidant capacity, the cell enters oxidative stress, which affects cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, amino acids, carbohydrates, among others. In the case of spermatozoa, due to their high metabolic rate, they produce large quantities of Oxygen Reactive Species (ROS), decreasing sperm motility, alterations in cytoplasmic components, modifications in genetic material or sperm death. In this chapter a review is made of a brief history of how the toxicity of oxygen and free radicals was discovered, the oxidative stress in cells, the effect of oxidative stress in the cytoplasmic sperm membrane, in the spermatic mitochondria, in the spermatic acrosome , in the sperm DNA and in the fertility of the female and the male.