January 2024

The child has always been one of the research topics in national and international law. Therefore, the definition of the child and its fundamental rights in the Afghan legal system based on the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child is one of the issues that Afghan society needs to define it has. Understanding the importance of defining the child and its fundamental rights in the Afghan legal system based on the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, this study answers the following question: "What is the definition of the child and fundamental rights of the child in the Afghan legal system based on the provisions of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child »? The purpose of this study is to examine the definition of the child and its fundamental rights in the Afghan legal system based on the provisions of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child. And for conducting this research, the analytical-comparative method has been used by referring to the legal documents of Afghanistan. The findings of this study also indicate the dependence of the Afghan legal system on the Islamic legal system and the conflict between the provisions of the constitution and the provisions of the constitution with the ordinary laws of Afghanistan. The International Convention on the Rights of the Child A clear contradiction in the definition of the child and the protection of the fundamental rights of the child enshrined in the International Convention on the Rights of the Child is seen in the Afghan legal system for Afghan citizens, human rights activists and Human rights in Afghanistan have posed challenges.

Background: The minor discomforts of pregnancy present difficulties for the health care provider as well as for the pregnant woman herself. Management of the various symptoms requires astute observations and the ability to individualize therapy. Knowledge of a variety of treatment options, therefore, allows practitioners to collaborate with their patients in selecting the best therapeutic approach for the specific situation. Method: A Quantitative research approach with pre experimental research design with one group pre and posttest design was used to carry out the study. Primi gravida mothers from selected maternity centers who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by using Non - probability convenient sampling technique. Total 60 sample was included in the study. Results: The present study reveals that the present study reveals that the overall knowledge scores of respondents were found to be 54.92% with standard deviation 2.774 in pretest. The overall knowledge scores of respondents were found to be 73.5% with standard deviation 1.879 in post test.The obtained t- test value was 18.105 which shows statistical significance at p<0.05. There was statistically significant difference in level of knowledge of primigravida mothers after implementation of planned teaching programme. Conclusions: The obtained t- test value was 18.105 which shows statistical significance at p<0.05. There was statistically significant difference in level of knowledge of primigravida mothers after implementation of planned teaching programme. This supports that planned teaching programme on minor ailments in terms of home remedies is effective in increasing the knowledge level of primigravida mothers.

Background: The minor discomforts of pregnancy present difficulties for the health care provider as well as for the pregnant woman herself. Management of the various symptoms requires astute observations and the ability to individualize therapy. Knowledge of a variety of treatment options, therefore, allows practitioners to collaborate with their patients in selecting the best therapeutic approach for the specific situation. Method: A Quantitative research approach with pre experimental research design with one group pre and posttest design was used to carry out the study. Primi gravida mothers from selected maternity centers who were fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected by using Non - probability convenient sampling technique. Total 60 sample was included in the study. Results: The present study reveals that the present study reveals that the overall knowledge scores of respondents were found to be 54.92% with standard deviation 2.774 in pretest. The overall knowledge scores of respondents were found to be 73.5% with standard deviation 1.879 in post test.The obtained t- test value was 18.105 which shows statistical significance at p<0.05. There was statistically significant difference in level of knowledge of primigravida mothers after implementation of planned teaching programme. Conclusions: The obtained t- test value was 18.105 which shows statistical significance at p<0.05. There was statistically significant difference in level of knowledge of primigravida mothers after implementation of planned teaching programme. This supports that planned teaching programme on minor ailments in terms of home remedies is effective in increasing the knowledge level of primigravida mothers.

Background: Hinami (wet cupping) is not a conventional therapy for post-stroke complications, but it might have some additional benefits on early rehabilitation. Aim of the work: to test if wet cupping had an effect in management of early post-stroke complications. Methodology: One hundred twenty subjects presented with acute stroke, were asked to participate in the study. They divided into two equal groups: the first received conventional post-stroke care; and the second received conventional post-stroke care plus wet cupping. Then patients were assessed by the national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) index for neurologic deficit evaluation; the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) scale for motor functions, the rate of recovery based on the bedside swallowing assessment (BSA), the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) for cognitive function, and adverse reaction of wet cupping were documented for safety evaluation. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in pain intensity in both wet and dry cupping. But the results were better with wet cupping technique. Conclusion: Significant use of cupping technique as a therapeutic model in treatment of discogenic low back pain

While the prevailing belief suggests that individuals with a high Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tend to excel in life, emerging research suggests that success may be more accurately predicted by factors such as Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Spiritual Intelligence (SI), as indicated by studies like those conducted by Goleman in 1995. Emotional intelligence is the capacity to comprehend, discern, and effectively apply knowledge, authority, information, and expertise regarding emotions within the human resources context. Whereas, Spiritual intelligence represents an elevated facet of intelligence that unleashes the qualities and capacities inherent in the authentic self, often referred to as the soul. These attributes encompass wisdom, compassion, integrity, joy, love, creativity, and peace. The cultivation of spiritual intelligence yields a profound sense of meaning and purpose, accompanied by enhancements in various crucial life and work skills. Furthermore, work-related stress permeates every level of an organization, impacting employees across the board. Stress emerges when workers face pressure while performing their duties or encounter obstacles that hinder their ability to fulfil their responsibilities. This study performed an in-depth analysis of previous research to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and their influence on work-related stress. The analysis encompassed a sample of 27 published articles from 2009 to 2023. The results of this study indicate that both emotional intelligence (EI) and spiritual intelligence (SI) are linked to reduced levels of work-related stress and improved health outcomes. Their positive influence extends to psychological and physical well-being, contributing significantly to organizational effectiveness.

In the context of globalization and in circumstances that have generated an economic competitiveness, organizations in the field of I.T. from Romania are in particularly opportune situations in terms of recruiting, selecting, retaining and developing talent. It is a widely recognized fact that talent contributes to organizational success so that talent acquisition has proven necessary in business strategies. Recruiting, retaining and developing talent is a significant issue, which is why organizations have started investing in overcoming related issues and implementing talent management strategies. Talent management is recognized as a priority so that organizations in the field of I.T. are faced with this challenge to develop talent management systems that lead to the progress of the organization or produce its performance. Talent cannot be copied and is what creates value for the organization. Both quantitatively and qualitatively through the structured interview and then the statistical analysis we will identify the perception of employees in the I.T. from Romania regarding the implementation of talent management practices as well as their involvement in talent management programs at the level of organizations.

Metastatic brain tumors are the rare cause of intracerebral hemorrhage in the young. In this case, we present a case of a 23-year-old woman presented to emergency department with history of recurrent vomiting,sudden fall and loss of consciousness. she had past history of incomplete abortion 9 month back, history of pain abdomen and irregular vaginal bleeding last 6months.Computed tomography head showed multiple intracerebral hemorrhagewith midline shift. Chest X ray show multiple nodular opacity in bilateral lungs. CECT abdomen and pelvis revealed of heterogenous enhancing soft tissue density mass in pelvic cavity with non-separate visualization of bilateral adnexa with extension, involvement and deposits suggestive of choriocarcinoma with metastasis to lungs and brain. This patient responded well with combined treatment osmotic diuretics,antiepileptics, antibiotics and combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.This is a rare phenomenon of intracerebral hemorrhages secondaries to brain from choriocarcinoma. The better knowledge of this entity would facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve the outcome.

There are stunning hills and plains in the eight states that make up North East India. It is a land abundant in natural resources, including tea, oil, gas, lumber, and heritage. The inhabitants of this area live in harmony despite having distinctive appearances, cultures, and primitive qualities. However, because the rest of India has ignored their stories, they have become victims of bigotry. According to research, 78% of those surveyed said they have experienced racism because of their physical appearance, which is another factor for racism. Through descriptive study, we shall gain an understanding of the numerous issues that Indians in the northeast confront in this paper. The people of the Northeast have had enough, and they are now speaking out to defend their rights as Indian citizens.

Background: Unlike the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus(DM) which are life threatening, rheumatological manifestations lead to considerable morbidity and their treatment can result in significant improvement in the quality of life. Some of these have a close association with DM and may lead to the diagnosis of previously undiagnosed DM. This study aims to find out the prevalence of rheumatological manifestations in DM so that the commonly associated conditions can be looked for and early treatment ensured. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done over 1 year in patients with diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care centre in North Kerala. History and relevant details were collected using a questionnaire and physical examination was carried out to look for rheumatological manifestations. Investigations were done whenever necessary. Statistical analysis of the data was done. Results: This study included 219 patients with a mean age of 60.98 years. 139 patients (63.4%) were having some form of rheumatological manifestations. There was statistically significant association between duration of diabetes and the presence of conditions such as frozen shoulder, charcot’s joint, cheiroarthropathy, flexor tendinitis, dupuytren’s contracture and osteoarthritis. Conclusions: There is a definite increased prevalence of rheumatological manifestations in people with DM and the prevalence increases with duration of diabetes. There was statistically significant association between the rheumatological manifestations and the microvascular complications of DM. Osteoarthritis was the most prevalent manifestation but the older mean age of our study population may have acted as a confounding factor. Keypoints • There is increased prevalence of rheumatological manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus • Prevalence increases with duration of diabetes • There was statistically significant association between duration of diabetes and the presence of conditions such as frozen shoulder, charcot’s joint, cheiroarthropathy, flexor tendinitis, dupuytren’s contracture and osteoarthritis. • There was statistically significant association for rheumatological manifestations like frozen shoulder, carpal tunnel syndrome, flexor tendinitis, charcot’s joint and osteoarthritis with the microvascular complications of diabetes.

Producers (SCOOPS-PC) of the Pa cotton-growing area in Balé Province. The results indicated that 100% of seed producers use pesticides to control weeds and pests. The constraints to cotton seed production include the unavailability of some inputs and the abundance of weeds and pests. To ensure sustainable improvement in seed production and quality, seed growers suggested proposals and solutions. They recommended the timely provision of inputs and measures to control weeds and pests.

The main focus of this research paper is to examine the correlation between students' motivation and their academic performance. A crucial connection needs to be established between motivated students and their academic achievement. Higher levels of motivation exhibit a significant impact on academic performance. Barriers to academic achievement include personal circumstances and learning disabilities. Moreover, the relationship between academic performance and students' motivation is not always straightforward due to complications involving student engagement. The study employs a primary quantitative data gathering method to collect relevant and topic-related data. Numerical information is collected to gain insights into key aspects of academic success. The collected data is statistically analysed using SPSS software. Utilizing 13 survey questions—3 related to demographics and 10 pertaining to variables—researchers gather information about the research topic. A total of 55 respondents from diverse categories participated in this data collection process. Motivation, self-belief, and various external factors significantly influence academic performance in this study.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important pulse crop of India popularly known as Gram. Dry root rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum )is the most severe disease in the central and southern zone, where the crop is mostly grown under rainfed condition. Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler is one of the most distructive pathogen causing dry root rot disease in chickpea(chana). The survey studies indicated that overall dry root rot incidence compratively higher in Deoria districts (26.76%) grown chickpea crop, compared to other four districts ( Ghazipur, Mau, Azamgarh, and Gorakhpur). In five districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh survey, the disease was found to be widely distributed and regular occurrence with moderate to severe incidence and its, average both years (2021-2022 and 2022-2023) incidence was found maximum in the districts of Deoria (26.76%) followed by Gorakhpur (25.017%), Azamgarh (23.69%), Mau (11.38%) and Ghazipur district (10.53%).

Collagen is the most abundant protein in many living organisms and plays an important structural role in determining the mechanical properties and shape of biological tissues. Since its discovery, collagen has been actively researched for cosmetic applications, successfully used in microplastic surgery, as a component of cosmetic products, and as a dietary supplement for anti-aging effects. The increased demand for cosmetics with collagen has generated the need for further studies in this domain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of collagen in dermocosmetology and to compare the effectiveness of collagen peptides for oral use and topical use of preparations containing collagen. An analysis of the published studies on the subject was carried out, comparing the effectiveness of using collagen in different ways to improve skin conditions. Part of the investigation was a review of the scientific literature on collagen as a material for improving skin characteristics, the history of the discovery of this protein, its structural characteristics, its chemical composition, its general systemic and topical applications, the sources of collagen, and how it penetrates the skin. The concept of hydrolyzed collagen and its antioxidant properties are considered. The methods of investigating and monitoring the safety of cosmetic preparations are described. It has been concluded that topical collagen, similarly to nutraceutical supplements with collagen peptides, can slow down and reduce the signs of skin aging and can increase skin elasticity, density and moisture in equal measure. No side effects have been reported with the use of the medications. In addition, collagen was a safe component of drugs for local and internal use. Although the harmlessness of collagen is beyond doubt and has been confirmed by studies, the effectiveness of using one type of collagen or another requires further investigation.

Buckwheat belongs to the Family Polygonaceae, Genus Fagopyrum and Species Fagopyrum esculentum (Moench). Buckwheat is the common name for plants in two genera of the dicot family Polygonaceae: The Eurasian genus, Fagopyrum, and the North American genus, Eriogonum. In particular, the name is associated with the common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum or F. sagittatum), which is an important crop plant. Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum) or "bitter buckwheat" also is used as a crop, but it is much less common. Despite the common name and the grain-like use of the crop, buckwheats are not grasses (and are therefore considered pseudocereals) and are not related to wheat nor other monocots. Locally buckwheat is known by various names, viz., dyat, dro, bro, fafar, in different regions of Ladakh. In other languages viz., English: Buckwheat, common buckwheat, Japanese buckwheat; Assamese: Doron, Phapar; Garo: phapar; Hindi: Kotu, Kuktu, Phaphra; Kannada: Kaadu godhi; Malayalam: Kadu godhi; Manipuri: Wakha Yendem; Nepali: Phapar. In NE region, buckwheat is locally called by different names such as Paphar (meetha Paphar: F. esculentum and teeta Paphar: F. tataricum) and Khuster in Sikkim; Jheem, Kyap, Brasma, Chikaw, Bherem, Jamu, Dunchung and Grunching in Arunachal Pradesh; Phapar and Demsi in Assam. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) is grown as a subsistence crop in the mountainous areas of Asia. The tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum), because of its frost tolerance, is generally grown at the higher altitudes whereas common buckwheat (F. esculentum) is grown at the lower altitudes. The crop is a pseudocereal. The seeds (strictly achenes) are usually classified among the cereal grains because of their similar uses. An important crop of marginal lands, buckwheat, is grown in nearly every country that cultivates grain crops and is usually consumed locally, but it is especially important in colder regions of high altitude or high latitude in Asia. The distribution of Fagopyrum spp. has been reported from the states of Sikkim, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland in the Northeastern Region. The crop seeds (strictly achenes) are usually classified as pseudo-cereal and are cultivated at different altitudes in Arunachal Pradesh. The Monpas and Sherdukpen tribes of the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh use the grain as a staple food since rice cannot be grown at this altitude due to physiological problems. The grain is generally used as human food, animal/poultry feed, cover crop, with the dehulled groats being cooked as porridge and the flour used in the preparation of pancakes, chapattis, biscuits, noodles. Buckwheat noodles are a typical delicacy in Japan and are even served on Japanese international airlines. Although buckwheat is a dependable and high-yielding honey plant, it normally produces nectar only during the morning and bees are unable to complete a full day of nectar collection. This crop is a good source of honey production because the buckwheat flower produces a good quality of honey. In some areas jang, a local beer made from Tartary buckwheat, demands a higher price because of its medicinal effects. This crop helps in soil binding and checks soil erosion during the rainy season. It is considered a sustainable crop for supporting the livelihoods of millions of hill populace under changing climatic conditions in future. In the higher Himalayan region of India (4500 amsl), this is the only crop grown and occupies about 90% of cultivated land as a pure crop. It has the potential to produce reasonably good yield under rainfed condition of Himalayan eco- system when soil moisture is not able to support any kind of crop cultivation. Common buckwheat is gaining more popularity in the Himalayan region due to its palatable taste and shorter growing period as compared to tartary buckwheat. Buckwheat has the potential for fixing atmosphere nitrogen and solubilizing native soil phosphorus and potassium. It thrives well under poor soil fertility conditions. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Buckwheat are discussed.

Background: Millet is often referred to as a "nutri-cereal" because it is a nutritious whole grain that offers a range of health benefits. Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses that have been cultivated for thousands of years and are a staple food in many parts of the world, especially in Africa and Asia. Some common types of millets include sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, and proso millet. In Ayurveda, millets are recognized for their nutritional value and health benefits. Ragi, also known as finger millet, is a nutritious grain that holds significance in Ayurveda as well as in modern nutrition. Finger millet (ragi), are considered detoxifying in Ayurveda and they are believed to help eliminate ama (toxins) from the body. Method and Material: This review paper has been taken from different Ayurvedic classical text books such as Charak Samhita, Bhavprakash, Ahara dravygunkarmasangrah etc. and various modern and Ayurvedic research paper fromPubMed, Google scholar, SCI etc. Aims and Objective: Millets are gaining more attention these days but its significance according to Ayurveda is still unknown by people. The purpose of the study is to highlight the nutritional and health benefits as well as therapeutic potential of Finger Millet in Ayurveda and Modern Nutrition. Discussion& Conclusion: Millets are highly nutritious grain, having multiple health benefits as sell as they contribute to food and nutritional security of the country. They are referred as Nutri-cereals due to having number of nutrients which is required for normal functions of the human body. Ragi is high in fibre, is gluten free, having low glycemic index.

This research aimed to find out the competence level and difficulties of the Senior High School students taking Biology as a subject. Descriptive and comparative analyses were employed to analyze the data using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis. Catholic Senior High School in the Philippines, Online Google Forms, 2021The respondents of this test were randomly selected from the total number of students who answered the questionnaire; the total number of respondents was 191.The questionnaire was used as the primary research instrument in data gathering. It was adapted from and based on the Department of Education of the Philippines learning curriculum guide for Senior High School Biology, otherwise known as Most Essential Learning Codes. Results shows that males have very low overall competence in General Biology I (M=40.76, SD=17.12) compared to females with low overall competence in the subject (M=52.70, SD=17.86).There is a significant difference in the level of competence in General Biology when Grade 12 senior high school students are grouped according to sex (U=2627.0, p=0.000), and parents' profession (χ2(2)=11.325, p=0.003).The respondents of the study answered a survey with a yes to most of the eight choices. There is a significant difference in the level of competence in General Biology when Grade 12 senior high school students are grouped according to sex and parents’ profession. Various difficulties that plague students in taking biology subjects exist.

Although Sri Lanka has achieved high success in school enrolment and literacy rates, the heavy examination orientation has adversely affected the student's total development. The three public examinations, Scholarship Examination, General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level), and General Certificate of Examination (Advanced Level), receive too much attention from students, teachers, and parents, bringing too much stress on students. The study analysed the teachers' role in applying the Competency-Based Education system at the Senior Secondary Level of mathematics education from three perspectives: Initiate learning activities in a manner that will arouse interest among students, observe students to identify their positive and negative learning abilities, and promote learning by providing feedback on students' performance. The study employed a quantitative approach. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection instrument. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of 276 mathematics teachers who taught grades 10 and 11 from the Western Province of Sri Lanka. The findings revealed that the teachers were not fully aware of their roles and responsibilities in the CBE teaching-learning and assessment process, which hindered the application of CBE in the mathematics learning process at the senior secondary level. The findings lead to various recommendations, which include the Department of Education developing a mechanism to monitor the teaching-learning process regularly and providing teachers with adequate training where necessary. Further, implementing a competency-based assessment system to uplift the 21st-century skills within students. The aspects discussed would benefit policymakers, administrators, and teachers in enhancing the mathematics teaching-learning process.

On the path of spiritual development there is the need to think about problems and challenges, taking advantage of and exploring, from the beginning to the end of life, everything that allows us to update "this time of being", with the aim of enriching and deepening knowledge, allowing the human being the possibility of building a path. A good interpretation of a drawing or painting shows the quality it hides, in terms of the importance of emotions, from a cognitive behavioural perspective. The source of intuition is located on the plane of the soul in the interpretation of drawing or painting and frees the meaning of the symbols, proposing a comprehensive vision and a global perception of events, intuition asks us to be able to open ourselves to the universal. The voice of the soul calls us to grow, to further develop benevolence, tolerance and responsibility. The interpretation of a drawing requires an attitude based on the understanding of the heart, welcoming with kindness the diverse and different information, allows the development of harmony and balance, which is nothing more than a different way of looking at them.

Pests such as weeds, pathogens and insects represent a problem for agricultural crops since they significantly reduce crop production. To protect the agricultural crops use significant amounts of synthetic pesticides around the world. However, these chemical compounds have been toxic into the living systems. Thus, new natural pesticides are being investigated which are friendlier to the environment and few effects on human health.

The aim of the paper to study the awareness of librarians regarding AI tools.in Nasik city, Maharashtra. The data was collected by the researcher using survey method. The findings of the study show that the maximum librarians has aware about the AI tools, Chat Gpt commonly used by librarians. They used the tool for different purposes like information retrieval, preservation, research, Chabot, research, library in house work etc. The researcher has identified the many librarians are aware about the tool but they do not useit properly.

Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes commonly causes food borne infection which is usually harmless but it causes infection in vulnerable group like pregnant women, neonates, elderly and patient suffering from malignant condition or having co-morbidities like COPD and diabetes or on immunosuppressive drug. Listeriosis in neonates can be classified as early onset or late onset. While the early onset disease is due to an in utero infection resulting in abortion, still birth, premature delivery or septicemia, the late onset form occurs due to exposure to organism during vaginal delivery or by cross infection within the nursery. Case Report: Here we report a 1 and ½ month old male child (weight-2.14kg) presented with fever, vomiting and diarrhea and diagnosed as severely malnourished with acute gastroenteritis with severe dehydration and shock with septicemia due to listeria monocytogenes and responded adequately to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: This case highlights the ultimate importance of early identification and timely application of appropriate antibiotics. We need to be more vigilant especially with high risk population with unknown case of fever. This case shows that it is important not to reject “gram positive bacilli” as contaminants without careful examination and correlation with clinical history of the patient.

In the rapidly evolving landscape of contemporary living, the pervasive integration of intelligent technologies into everyday existence has ushered in a paradigmatic transformation. This study investigates the multifaceted repercussions of inhabiting highly automated and smart environments, with a focus on the psychological well-being of individuals. Recognizing the urgent need for age-appropriate and inclusive environments, the World Health Organization underscores the role of intelligent technologies in empowering older adults to enhance their quality of life and prolong residence at home. The methodology involves an in-depth exploration of existing literature, synthesizing research on user experience, social interaction, privacy concerns, and automation anxiety. The literature review spans context-aware and ubiquitous learning, age-friendly cities, and the interplay of privacy concerns, automation anxiety, and user experience. Identified knowledge gaps highlight the fragmented nature of existing research, emphasizing the need for comprehensive investigations into the emotional, cognitive, and social ramifications of living in highly automated settings. Synthesizing research findings with existing literature, this study contributes to a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between individuals and highly automated environments. The discussion underscores implications for user-friendly and supportive systems, advocating for interdisciplinary methodologies to address knowledge gaps. In conclusion, ongoing scholarly inquiry remains crucial to ensuring that technological advancements align with the holistic welfare of individuals within an increasingly automated milieu.

This research model explored different time series modelling approach over Crude oil prices. In time series analysis, we assume that the current price of crude oil reflects the effect of all the influencing factors. So that the price forecasting of the crude oil can be done using the past crude oil prices. The main assumption in this time series modeling is that the past crude oil prices can be used to predict the future crude oil price. Although the time series analysis can find the trend, there will be limitations to the forecasting capability of the model that we use in the analysis when the reversal in trend is observed in the data taken or the pattern repeated may not be followed by the future prices. Different types of trend patterns such as increasing trend, decreasing trend or periodic patterns can be obtained. Time series analysis is more useful and will give better forecasting only when the data follows any of these trends. In this work, data analysis on crude oil data set is performed. A novel time-series forecasting approach based on Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, Seasonal Auto-Regressive Moving Average (SARIMA), ARCH (Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) model, GARCH (Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) are also proposed using the R programming language for statistical computing and graphics. The results will help the researchers from various community to gauge the trend and improvise containment strategies accordingly.

Urea fertilizer are wide use fertilizer in worldwide due to highly presence of Nitrogen and reduce plant parts damageExtensive uses of Urea fertilizer by farmer in paddy cum fish also exposed to breathing fish, Channapuntata. Present work was designed to evaluate genotoxicity of Urea fertilizer on Channapuntata with two different concentrations of 1.585g/l and 2g/l for duration of 96 hrs. One group takes as control group, which were untreated group. For evaluation two parameter were used that is Chromosomal abnormality (CA) and Micronucleus (MN)Here we conclude higher significant in both parameter, In CA (1.585g/l) 25.3% and (2g/l) 33% respectively as compare to control(20.6%) .In MN (1.585g/l) 0.33% and (2g/l) 0.37% respectively as compare to control 0.12%. There are cytological abnormality were absorbed in these evaluation. Various abnormalities evaluated were –hypoploidy, hyperploidy, clumpiness, stickiness, and chromatic break, chromatic gap, and ring.

Background: Apheresis is a procedure where blood is withdrawn from donor or a patient in anticoagulant solution and separated ex vivo into one or all components using automated cell separators. Single donor platelets (SDP) are prepared by plateletpheresis machine. In this, blood is withdrawn from a single donor and then the platelets are retained and remaining constituents are returned to donor.. SDP concentrate increases platelet count by 30,000 to 40,000/µL. Methods: The present study was conducted prospectively in the Department of Pathology in collaboration with Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Department and Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak in 78 healthy plateletpheresis donors over a period of one year. All donors were male. Results: We observed statistically significant decrease in pre and post donation platelets (p value= 0.001), hemoglobin and hematocrit. A statistically significant increase was noted in pre and post donation PDW (p value=0.001). The decrease in serum ionized calcium levels before start of procedure, during and 30mins after the procedure were statistically significant (p value= 0.001, 0.001 and 0.04 respectively).However, non significant increase was noted in pre and post donation MPV and WBC values and decrease in RBC values. The adverse reactions were noted in 7.69% (6) donors which were due to anticoagulant used and managed conservatively by giving oral calcium tablet to donor. Conclusion: Plateletpheresis is a safe procedure for donors. The study concluded that appropriate counselling and selection of plateletpheresis donors should be done. Also, close monitoring and follow up of donors should be carried out to prevent any unfavourable event.

Aim: To determine the diagnostic value of sediment cytology in early diagnosis of oral neoplasms. Material and Methods: Twenty oral biopsy specimens diagnosed of Oral squamous cell carcinomas were received in 10% formalin fixative willbe analyzed for the cytological study. The material required for the study is left over formalinfrom specimen bottles in which the biopsies are received. Cytological smears are prepared by centrifuging the fixatives in which the biopsy specimens are received and stained with modified Papanicolau stain (PAP). All specimens were analyzed for malignancyand intensity of expression were compared. Statistical analysis was done using Chi Square test to compare the intensity of expression in different study parameters based on the cellularity in malignant cases. Results: All the 20 cases were adequately cellular and other cytological parameters were altered with increase in cellularity showing malignancy. On comparison of intensity of expression of nuclear pleomorphism was 6.190 withP-Valueof 0.04, cellular pleomorphism was 6.190 with P-Valueof 0.04and hyperchromatic nucleiwas19.333 with a P-value of 0.001which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study showed all cases were malignant with increase in cellularity allcytological parameters were altered. On comparing the intensity of expression of nuclear pleomorphism, cellular pleomorphism and hyperchromatic nuclei showed statistical differences. In laboratory for preliminary diagnosis of oral biopsies sediment cytology can be an alternate methodology in histopathology

The last two decades have been an era of emergence of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) because of their absolute intra-oral anchorage, easy-to place, easy to remove and their lower cost. This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive literature review to quantify the success rate with the use of intra-oral temporary anchorage device for intra-oral anchorage along with the interpretation of clinical factors determining the success rate of TADs. A Literature search was performed using the MEDLINE database (PubMed using URL www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Google-Scholar from the year 2006 to 2023.