Table of Contents: Volume 18; Issue 06; June, 2026

Life Sciences

Physico-chemical characterization of soils of navanagar block of ballia district, uttar pradesh

Nitish Kumar, Ashok Kumar Singh, Mandhata Singh and Naveen Kumar Shukla

ABSTRACT:
The present investigation on charactirization of pedon was carried out to study the physico-chemical properties and nutrient status of soils from two representative pedons located in Gangkishor and Jamui villages of the Navanagar block in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh. Soil samples were collected from surface to 15 cm intervals up to a vertical depth of 180 cm and analysed for soil pH (1:2.5), electrical conductivity (dSm-1), bulk density (Mg m⁻³), water holding capacity (%), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen (kg ha-1), available phosphorus (kg ha-1) and available sulphur (mg kg-1). The results revealed that the soils were generally neutral to slightly alkaline in surface layers, becoming slightly acidic in deeper horizons, and were non-saline. Bulk density increased with depth, while organic carbon and nutrient status exhibited a decreasing trend down the profile. Available nitrogen was found to be low, whereas phosphorus and sulphur were in the medium to low range across both pedons.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50677.06.2026
Conducting socio-anthropological fieldwork remotely: a methodological innovative in quest of trust in african context

OUEDRAOGO Payaïssédé Salfo, LOMPO Miyemba and SAWADOGO Abdoulaye

ABSTRACT:
Crisis contexts, particularly those related to security and health, seem to increasingly impose new practices on researchers in the collection of field data. Whereas anthropological or sociological fieldwork was once conducted through face-to-face interactions between the researcher and the subject, or even through the researcher’s immersion in the group being studied, the inaccessibility of field sites due to a variety of causes, has now led to new approaches facilitated by digital technology. Do remote surveys enjoy the trust of the participants? The data addressing this question were collected both in person and remotely as part of a qualitative approach. The results highlight a lack of trust on the part of both potential respondents and the researchers themselves. For the researchers, the trust issue stems from concerns about depth and the pursuit of objectivity inherent in any research that claims to be scientific. In remote data collection, there is a loss of all the nonverbal cues that are, however, a valuable resource for the qualitative researcher. On the part of respondents, the lack of trust stems from the specific nature of digital tools, which facilitate the dissemination of information and thereby expose the participants. In this context, the researcher’s verbal commitment to upholding ethical principles and maintaining the confidentiality of the collected data is not sufficient to convince them.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50665.06.2026
Efficacy of kaempferol in attenuating oxidative stress in drosophila melanogaster

Kavya, C. and Ashadevi, J. S.

ABSTRACT:
Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in our body. The excessive oxidative stress leads to increase the amount of ROS that damages the cellular levels, which can be measures through various oxidative markers. The major oxidative markers are measurement of ROS, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and apoptosis levels, measuring these markers helps to assess pathological risk, monitor as well as treatment effects to lead a better health. Medicinal plants have emerged as the premier source of potent exogenous antioxidants which neutralize ROS and activates the internal protective pathways. These plant-derived compounds lower the concentrations of oxidative markers. In this study, we assessed the protective efficacy of Kaempferol, a flavonoid isolated from Selaginella tenera in two concentrations, against Paraquat-induced oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster. The present study demonstrates that Kaempferol supplementation significantly mitigates Paraquat-induced mortality, extending the survival rateunder stress condition. High dose of Kae fed flies increases the oxidative stress resistance ability by 1.35 folds than control flies.Biochemical analysis revealed that Kaempferol treatment leds to a marked decrease in intracellular ROS by 1.52 foldsthan PQ induced control flies. A robust reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 1.6foldsin Kae dose II groups than PQ induced control groups, indicating the suppression of lipid peroxidation in the cell membranes. The reduction of ROS accumulation the cell facilitates reduction in apoptotic markers, suggesting the stabilization of mitochondrial integrity. The percentage of viable cells were found to be less in OS induced control groups with high percentage of early aswell as late apoptosis. Kae fed flies were significantly increasing survival rate by reducing ROS, lipid peroxidation activities and prevents the early and late apoptosis. By restoring the balance between pro-oxidants and endogenous antioxidant defenses, Kaempferol proves to be a high-potential compound.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50626.06.2026
Origin, taxonamy, botanical description, genetics and cytogenetics, genetic divercity, hoticuture and cultivation of allspice

Swamy, K.R.M.

ABSTRACT:
Allspice belongs to the Family: Myrtaceae, Genus: Pimenta and Species: Pimenta dioica L. Common names are Allspice, Jamaica Pepper, Pimento, Malagueta, Piment Jamaique, Pimenta, Pimienta Gorda, Dulce, English Spice, Tabasca, Toda Especial, Toute Epice. Lindley, Allspice tree, Jamaican pepper tree, Pimento tree. Allspice comes from Jamaica, Guatemala and Honduras. Synonyms for Pimenta dioica (L.) Merrill are Eugenia pimenta DC.; yrtus dioica L.; Myrtus pimenta L.; Pimenta officinalis (Allspce, 2026). Hindi–Kabab Cheene, Bengali – Saada Golmuruch, Gujrati – Kabab cheeni, Punjabi – Kabab cheeni. Urdu – Kabab Cheeni . Common name: Allspice, Jamaica Pepper, Myrtle Pepper, Pimenta, Pimento. There is a common misconception that Allspice is a blend of different spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg. Allspice is not a mixed spice blend and is in fact none of those other spices. Allspice is a fruit that is picked before it is ripe from an evergreen tree called the Pimenta dioica. The fruit looks much like a peppercorn. In the 15th century pepper was considered to be a very valuable spice. When the Spanish arrived in the Americas, they found this evergreen tree and thought the berries on the Pimenta dioica were pepper. It caused much confusion and disappointment to those hoping to trade this valuable commodity. Over time, in order to avoid the confusion, spice traders started calling this spice Allspice. The name came from the fact that the flavor tasted like a combination of cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg – “all the spices” .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50705.06.2026
Occupational, lifestyle, and residential factors influencing the health of information technology professionals: a comprehensive review

Soharani, G.

ABSTRACT:
The Information Technology (IT) industry has emerged as one of the most influential sectors driving economic growth, innovation, and digital transformation globally. Despite its numerous contributions, the occupational characteristics associated with IT work have introduced several health-related challenges. Prolonged computer usage, sedentary work patterns, excessive screen exposure, occupational stress, irregular sleep schedules, and limited physical activity have been identified as major factors affecting the health of IT professionals. Furthermore, increasing urbanization and dependence on apartment-based residential environments may indirectly contribute to reduced physical movement, diminished social interaction, and lifestyle-related health risks. This review examines the combined influence of occupational, lifestyle, and residential factors on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of IT professionals. Evidence from existing literature suggests a growing prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, visual fatigue, metabolic abnormalities, sleep disturbances, psychological stress, and social isolation among technology workers. The review also discusses preventive and promotive strategies, including ergonomic interventions, regular physical activity, stress management, social engagement, and holistic health practices. Promoting a balanced lifestyle is essential for sustaining long-term health, productivity, and quality of life among IT professionals.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50660.06.2026
The use of physcomitrium patens as space food ―nutritional analysis results of physcomitrium patens as a food source

Naomi Katayama, Akitaka Kojima, Sakimi Mito, Hiroyuki Kamachi, Tomomichi Fujita and Atsushi Kume

ABSTRACT:
Bryophytes are attracting attention as a plant resource capable of surviving even in extreme environments such as outer space. This is due to their high environmental tolerance, thanks to their spores, which have been reported to exhibit high survival rates even under strong ultraviolet radiation, extremely low temperatures, and even in vacuum environments. Because of these characteristics, they are expected to be used as a food production resource in the future space environment. 　Until now, moss has been considered for use as feed for other organisms for protein production. However, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of moss as a food resource that humans can directly consume. The sample used was Physcomitrium patens, which has a proven track record in space experiments. A 40g sample obtained after culturing for approximately 5 months was sent to the Nagoya branch of the Japan Food Research Laboratories for analysis, and the moisture, protein, lipids, ash, carbohydrates, energy, sodium, and salt equivalent per 100g were measured. The analysis results showed a moisture content of 96.9g/100g, an energy content of 14kcal/100g, and a protein content of 0.5g/100g. It became clear that Physcomitrium patens has a very high moisture content and low nutrient density, making it difficult to use Physcomitrium patens alone as space food at present. However, its potential for use in combination with other foods in menus, or as feed for animals and insects, could indirectly contribute to protein production. This study provides fundamental knowledge for examining the potential of mosses as space food resources, and further developments in mass cultivation techniques and research into improving nutritional value are expected.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50675.06.2026

Physical Sciences and Engineering

Multicultural counselling: a global perspective with some emphasis on Cameroon

Dieudonne Nebane

ABSTRACT:
Introduction: As the world evolves, issues of culture are also impacting the way of life and social interactions differently especially in the domain of counselling practice. Many counsellors are showing more and more nonchalance in knowing their own cultural backgrounds which can be a problem to even understanding those of their clients. Objective: With an increasing difficulty in practising multicultural counselling, this paper takes a critical look into some of the issues plaguing counselling practice in a multicultural context. It analyses multicultural counselling by looking at what ought to be generally and also about Cameroon. Method: This article is an analysis and a review. The use of literature review constitutes a part of this reflection, including some views from psychological anthropology. Results: More and more counsellors are aware of multicultural counselling and its importance in their practice. Many counsellors working in secondary schools and universities in Cameroon are conscious that they are ignorant of their own culture knowledge but think cultural values and morals are important. Westernization is taking a heavy toll on local cultures. Technology is also a serious issue to be considered given the rising use of artificial intelligence and other information and communication technology gadgets. Recommendations: Counsellors need to do a flashback on the real importance of mastering cultural values and morals, become conversant with local cultural implications on counsellees when practicing their profession.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50662.06.2026
Experimental and theoretical study of the corrosion inhibition of aluminum in sulfuric acid media by 2-(2-(4-chlorobenzylidene) hydrazinyl)-3-nitroimidazo (1,2-α) pyridine

KOUAME Tanoh Stanley, EHOUMAN Ahissan Donatien, AKPATAKU Kossitse Venyo, FATOGOMA Diarrassouba and Niamien Paulin Marius

ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study is to test the corrosion inhibition efficacy of the molecule 2-(2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-3-nitroimidazo(1,2-α)pyridine, or 4Cl-BNH-NIP, on aluminum corrosion in a sulfuric acid medium using the mass loss method. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (EI) increases with increasing concentration but decreases with rising temperature of the corrosive medium. In a sulfuric acid medium, 4Cl-BNH-NIP exhibits 100 % inhibition efficiency at 298 K and 308 K starting at 0.001 mmol/L, and 78.92 % at 338 K at 0.5 mmol/L. DFT calculations using the 6-311G (d,p) basis set revealed the attack sites of the molecules. Predictive formulas were established based on their principal quantum components.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50646.06.2026
Inhibition of aluminum corrosion in hydrochloricacid by 2-(1h-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile: an experimental and theoretical approach.

YOBO Guégué Jean Marie Vianney, EHOUMAN Ahissan Donatien, AKPATAKU Kossitse Venyo, FATOGOMA Diarrassouba, NIAMIEN Paulin Marius

ABSTRACT:
The molecule 2-(1H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-yl)-3-phenylacrylonitrile) or BIPHA-4-H was investigated as an inhibitor of aluminum corrosion in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using the mass loss technique and quantum chemical studies based on density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level with the B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set. The results obtained show that the inhibitory efficiency increases with the concentration of the inhibitor, while it decreases as the temperature of the corrosive medium rises. DFT at the 6-31G(d,p) level allowed for the analysis of global parameters and local reactivity, which revealed the sites of electrophilic and nucleophilic attack.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50645.06.2026
Comparative study of the effects of shot peening and electroless nickel coating on the fatigue strength of a metallic material

Ramdé Souleymane, Kiébré Rimyalegdo and VasilieosKourakos

ABSTRACT:
This article investigates the influence of surface treatments on the fatigue behavior of a low-carbon structural steel grade E235, used for pump rotors. Three surface conditions were considered: raw material, shot peened material and shot peened material followed by an electroless nickel coating. Fatigue specimens were extracted from critical areas of the rotor in order to reproduce the damage mechanisms as observed in real service. Fatigue tests were carried out under force-controlled loading at room temperature with a stress ratio of one tenth (R = 0.1). The results show that shot-peening significantly improves fatigue performance, with an increase in the fatigue limit of approximately 20 to 25% compared to the raw material condition. This increase of the fatigue limit is due to the introduction of compressive residual stresses and surface hardening. In contrast, the application of an electroless nickel coating after shot peening leads to a reduction in fatigue strength, probably related to tensile residual stresses and coating/substrate interface effects.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50125.06.2026
Strategies for ensuring inclusive and equitable ‘AI’ driven educational practices catring to diverse learner needs

Ranjini Ramachandran, A.

ABSTRACT:
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning is attaining prevalent acceptance in helping or resolving an assortment of problems in various spheres including social in nature. The AI is having ample array of role or applications in resolving, managing, restoring or maintaining issues in education sector also. The various tools prevailing at present in Artificial Intelligence and allied emerging disciplines can play an efficient or strategic function for ensuring inclusive and equitable learning practices to ensure the overall development of all the categories of students in our society. Inclusive learning is an essential constituent by inculcating various practices in the education system that ensure the educational, physical and social development of the pupils in diverse levels IQ and learning needs. The topic selected for this study is exceedingly significant, expressly at the contemporary era of fast developing and expanding Artificial Intelligence, gaining significant influence in the various spheres of the life of human beings by diversified means. The objective of this study is to examine and analyze the importance, strategies and tools for AI based learning which is upcoming and influencing the students and parents now. The data collected for this study is both primary and secondary. The primary data collected by executing a 5-pointed questionnaire, whereas, secondary data collected from various published contents. The data processing is made by using measures of central tendency particularly Arithmetic mean. The study of AI -driven educational tools for ensuring equitable and Inclusive education, through the survey, conclude that it ensures personalized learning, accessibility to learners effectively, mitigation of biasness, cultural sensitivity , effective data privacy and security, sufficient teacher support and training, smooth access to technology, ensure effectively the collaboration and peer learning, adequate and efficient learner autonomy, inclusive content representation and addressing socio-economic disparities.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50701.06.2026

Health Sciences

Q-switched nd: Yag laser as a strategy for skin remodeling: an experimental comparison with the thulium laser

Taís Amadio Menegat, Fabiele Chieregato; Thaís Rodrigues; Rayssa de Carvalho Machado; Diogo Francisco da Silva de Oliveira; Fábio Alexandre Pinto; José Ricardo de Souza; Patricia Brassolatti

ABSTRACT:
The use of lasers in aesthetic medicine has expanded considerably, particularly for the treatment of hyperpigmentation and skin rejuvenation. High-power laser systems have gained prominence due to their ability to induce selective photothermolysis, enabling the inhibition or destruction of specific cellular targets. Among the most commonly used wavelengths, ablative and semi-ablative modalities, such as 755 nm, 1064 nm, and 1927 nm, have demonstrated effective outcomes in skin rejuvenation and the treatment of pigmentary disorders. The literature reports significant clinical effects associated with the 755 nm, 1064 nm, and 1927 nm wavelengths; however, there is still no consensus regarding the optimal energy parameters and emission modalities. Furthermore, fractional handpieces represent an innovative approach, as they fractionate light delivery and induce distinct tissue injury patterns. The Alexandrite laser (755 nm) has been extensively described in the literature for various dermatological applications; however, scientific evidence regarding the effects of a Nd:YAG laser equipped with a 755 nm filter remains limited and requires further investigation. Therefore, this experimental study compared the effects of Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and Thulium laser (1927 nm) on porcine skin, an experimental model widely used due to its structural similarity to human skin, aiming to investigate the type of tissue injury induced by each technology. The findings demonstrated that the Nd:YAG laser produced deeper and more localized lesions, whereas the Thulium laser induced more superficial and homogeneous tissue alterations. The analysis suggests a complementary relationship between the two Nd:YAG laser wavelengths, highlighting their potential clinical application in protocols designed to improve skin quality and promote cutaneous rejuvenation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50695.06.2026

Social Sciences and Humanities

Interactions artistiques et heritage culturel dans les video clips de bakary dembele et dozoss

GANOU Souleymane

ABSTRACT:
Les vidéoclips constituent des espaces où certains artistes burkinabè entrent en dialogue avec les traditions de leur terroir, fusionnant, ainsi héritage culturel et expressions contemporaines. Ce chapitre se penche sur les œuvres « Kalé Kania » et « Bako ni lo » de Bakary Dembélé et Dozoss, pour explorer comment ces artistes réinterprètent les éléments traditionnels dans leurs créations artistiques. Par ailleurs, l'étude mettra l'accent sur les parcours professionnels des artistes et leur attachement à leur communauté, afin d'examiner l'évolution de leur approche des traditions au fil du temps. À travers l'analyse des vidéoclips sélectionnés, nous identifions les éléments de tradition utilisés par ces artistes et examinons les manières dont ils les intègrent dans leurs créations.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50674.06.2026
Opportunities and challenges for enhancing laos’ agriculturalproduces competitiveness in the china market

Vongphachanh XAYALATH and Zhang Yang

ABSTRACT:
This research study specifically studies the competition in the Lao PDR-PRC agricultural market by studying what the disadvantages and advantages are (Revealed Comparative Advantage: RCA) and also sets out the detailed methodology for the research by using secondary data from the National Statistical Center, Department of Import and Export, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Trade Map database, International Trade Statistics and ASEANstatsDataPortal.The additional, the results of this study also show the analysis of the Lao-Chinese agricultural market competition by looking at the analysis index value of the Lao PDR in exporting goods to China by looking at the RCA value. If the RCA value is negative (-), this indicates a trade disadvantage for the exporting country. In addition, the results of the study also show the problems and obstacles to exporting goods in depth, especially in the cost of document circulation, increased transportation costs due to the impact of the delayed clearance of goods, especially the clearance of goods.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50666.06.2026
Ethics in the age of algorithms: human values and moral responsibility on social media- a philosophical analysis in light of contemporary global evidence

Mr. Bushrang Daimari, Mr. Kunjulal Narzary and Dr. Naba Pallab Newar

ABSTRACT:
The rapid expansion of social media has fundamentally transformed human communication, social interaction and access to information. In the contemporary digital age, algorithm-driven platforms increasingly shape public opinion, personal behaviour, and social relationships. While social media has facilitated global connectivity and democratized information sharing, it has simultaneously generated significant ethical challenges, including misinformation, cyberbullying, hate speech, privacy violations, digital addiction, and algorithmic manipulation. Contemporary global reports by the World Economic Forum, UNESCO, UNICEF, the World Health Organization and other institutes indicate that these challenges have become critical concerns affecting democratic institutions, social cohesion and mental well-being. This paper examines the ethical implications of social media through the philosophical perspectives of Aristotle’s virtue ethics, Kant’s deontological ethics, Gandhi’s ethics of truth and non-violence and Ambedkar’s conception of dignity, equality and fraternity. The study argues that social media algorithms are not morally neutral instruments but powerful technological structures capable of shaping moral behaviour and influencing the cultivation or erosion of human values. Consequently, ethical challenges in the digital age cannot be addressed solely through technological regulation or legal frameworks. The preservation of truthfulness, responsibility, empathy, self-restraint and human dignity remains essential for promoting ethical digital citizenship and ensuring that technological advancement contributes to genuine human flourishing.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50655.06.2026
British imperial influence on the american colonies: from settlement to the special relationship

ABODOHOUI Orerien Olivier

ABSTRACT:
This research work examines British influence on the American colonies from the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown (1607) to the special relationship in the twenty-first-century. The influence between certain colonizing countries and their colonies continues to exist even after they gained their independence. In the case of the 13 original British colonies in North America that declared independence in 1776 from the United Kingdom and forming the basis of the United States, many argue that this relationship is questionable today. In other words, doubt remains about the influence that Great Britain could have on the United States of America, which have become one of the world's greatest powers. To achieve my goal many therories such as Homi K. Bhabha's postcolonial concepts of mimicry and ambivalence (1994) and Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems theory (1974) help to appreciate existing documents and books, internet resources with historico-analytical approach. The research work reveals that the colonies, shaped by British imperial power, were nevertheless led to reject it and over time, this British influence shifted from colonial domination to sovereign partnership. Independence reproduced metropolitan principles even as it repudiated metropolitan authority. The Special Relationship joins sovereign equality with structural asymmetries of power. So, instead of talking about influential relationship, many people suggest partnership to characterise the relation between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America. This should edify the worldwide policy by setting an example of a particular independence, like the British colonies of the United States of America.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50647.06.2026
Towards a methodological framework for patent-based technological prospecting in the mineral sector: a systematic literature review

Izaias Dantas Lima, Irlla Maria Santos Pereira, Isadora Almeida Lino Vieira and Gustavo Pereira da Cruz

ABSTRACT:
Technological prospecting has become increasingly relevant for the mineral sector due to growing pressures related to sustainability, operational efficiency and the global energy transition. In this context, patent analysis constitutes an important source of technological intelligence for monitoring innovation trajectories and supporting strategic decision-making. However, the literature reveals substantial methodological fragmentation regarding search strategies, data treatment and analytical transparency in patent landscaping studies applied to mining and metallurgy. This study aims to identify and systematise the principal methodological practices employed in patent-based technological prospecting studies in the mineral sector and to propose a structured methodological framework. A systematic literature review inspired by PRISMA guidelines was conducted using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. After screening and snowballing procedures, eight studies were selected for in-depth analysis. The results revealed heterogeneous methodological approaches, with emphasis on hybrid search strategies, integration between patent and scientific databases, expert validation and advanced analytical techniques such as clustering, TRIZ, PCA and artificial intelligence-assisted foresight. Based on these findings, a five-phase methodological framework was developed to improve transparency, replicability and analytical consistency in mineral-sector patent landscaping studies. The proposed framework contributes to technological intelligence, innovation management and technology transfer practices within mining and metallurgy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50624.06.2026
Gandhi’s concept of gram swaraj and its relevance in strengthening panchayati raj institutions in contemporary India

Jiarul Miah

ABSTRACT:
Mahatma Gandhi’s idea of Gram Swaraj basically sits at the center of conversations around democratic decentralization and rural administration in India, even now. Gandhi imagined villages that are almost self-contained, self run in a way where people are not just spectators but the real holders of power. In his view this whole thing builds a democratic society in a more organic way. The thrust of the concept is political devolution, economic steadiness from within, social parity and governance that involves people in a real and steady manner. Even though India later adopted the Panchayati Raj system, the one meant to push local self government, still quite a lot of hurdles keep showing up and they limit how well it works on the ground. In this article, Gram Swaraj is looked at again, and its usefulness for strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions or PRIs, in today’s India is assessed too. The work draws from secondary material—books, journal articles, government documents and relevant constitutional clauses. Overall, the results point to the fact that Gandhian thinking can still act like useful direction, for instance to deepen grassroots democracy, widen local involvement, improve social justice and also help reach rural development that stays long term and doesn’t fade quickly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50715.06.2026