July 2024

Digital tools facilitate collaboration between students, allowing them to work on group projects, exchange ideas and share knowledge. In this way, the development of social and teamwork skills, essential for success in the professional field, is promoted. (Amaro de Chacin, 2011)(TICCADE, 2022). ICKDLT, provide immediate access to a wealth of high-quality educational resources, such as microorganism databases, scientific articles, explanatory videos, and specialized software. This allows students to stay up-to-date on the latest developments in the field of microbiology and delve deeper into specific topics of interest. (Arista J. , 2014),(TICCADE, 2022). Digital platforms make it possible to implement formative assessment systems that provide students with immediate eedback on their progress. This helps them identify their strengths and weaknesses, and focus their efforts on areas that require more attention. (Area, 2009),(TICCADE, 2022). ICKDLT offer a wide variety of resources and tools that cater to different learning styles, allowing students to learn in the way that works best for them. This is particularly beneficial for students with special educational needs or different learning preferences.(TICCADE, 2022).

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. People's behaviour in pursuing health is greatly influenced by how they perceive and comprehend the origins of their illness. There are many factors that contribute to health, including lifestyle choices, genetics, and access to healthcare. Everyone has a responsibility to take care of their own health, and to make healthy choices that will help them stay well. People who embrace the modern science of disease causation will have a different perspective on the search for a solution than those who believe the disease has a supernatural origin.Mysticism is often associated with a deep understanding or insight into the nature of life and existence. This can lead to a more holistic view of health, which takes into account not just the physical body, but also the mind, spirit, and emotions. This harmony is achieved through a deep understanding of oneself and of the universe, and through a connection with the divine. In this article we discuss the various mystical modes or methods for the ailments of disease.

Ginger belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, genus Zingiber and species Zingiber officinale. Its generic name Zingiber is derived from the Greek zingiberis, which comes from the Sanskrit name of the spice, singabera. Ginger is the dried knobby shaped rhizome of the plant Zingiber officinale. The Latin name, zingiber, derives from interpretations of the name in Indic languages where ginger was described as “shaped like a deer’s antler (horn)”. Ginger goes by many names in different languages such as jiang (Chinese), adrak (Hindi), jengibre (Spanish), zenzero (Italian), gingembre (French), zanjabeel (Arabic), and ingwer (German). The English origin of the word "ginger" is from the mid-14th century, from Old English gingifer, which derives in turn from the Medieval Latin gingiber, gingiber from the Greek ζιγγίβερις zingiberis from the Prakrit (Middle Indic) siṅgabera, and siṅgabera from the Sanskrit śṛṅgavera. The Sanskrit word is thought to come from an ancient Dravidian word that also produced the Tamil and Malayalam term iñcivēr (from vēr, "root"); an alternative explanation is that the Sanskrit word comes from srngam, meaning "horn", and vera, meaning "body" (describing the shape of its root), but that may be folk etymology. The word probably was readopted in Middle English from the Old French gingibre (modern French gingembre). Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a herbaceous flowering plant that belongs to the family Zingiberaceae. They are perennial plants that live for more than two years. Ginger is a rhizome which is a modification of the stem. It is native to Southeastern Asia and is known for its pungent smell. Common ginger is a herbaceous perennial with upright stems and narrow medium green leaves arranged in two ranks on each stem. The plant gets about 4 ft tall with leaves about 3/4 in wide and 7 inches long. Ginger grows from an aromatic tuberlike rhizome which is warty and branched. The inflorescence grows on a separate stem from the leaf stem, and forms a dense spike, up to 3 in tall. The bracts are green with translucent margins and the small flowers are yellow green with purple lips and cream colored blotches. Most gingers in cultivation are sterile cultivars grown for the edible rhizome, and the flower is rarely seen. The ginger plant has a long history of cultivation, having originated in Asia and is grown in India, Southeast Asia, West Africa and the Caribbean. Common name of Ginger in • Hindi: Adrak • Manipuri: Shing • Marathi: Alha, Aale • Tamil: Ingee, Inji • Malayalam: Inchi, Enchi • Telugu: Allam, Allamu, Allamu chettu, Shonti • Kannada: Alla, Shunthi • Bengali: Ada • Oriya: Ada • Urdu: اAdrak, Adi • Assamese: Ada • Gujarati: Adu, Sunth • Sanskrit: Adraka • Nepali: Aduwa. Ginger, African ginger, Cochin ginger, Jamaican ginger, Race ginger. Ginger may also be referred to as true ginger, stem ginger, garden ginger or root ginger and it is believed to have originated in the Southeast Asia. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding of Ginger are discussed.

This research aims to identify the role of technology in distance learning by improving the quality of learning for students. Technology provides access to a vast array of learning resources, including online platforms, educational websites, digital libraries, and multimedia content. These resources offer a diverse range of materials, including e-books and search databases. The study uses primary quantitative data collection methods to collect statistical information. The research aims to demonstrate that technology has the potential to improve access to education for students who may not have had the opportunity otherwise. Distance learning programs enable students to participate in educational activities regardless of their geographical location, overcoming barriers such as distance, time, and physical limitations.

The Problem ofGerontology (i.e., problems that we face when we start grow older) is keenly related to some of our sickness that is psychological rather than physiological. We know that, earthly engagements (e.g., some men and women overcome the problem of old age having more association, societal attachments, and engaging themselves in such works and entertainments) are very synthetic in nature in their approach because they terminate in themselves when time exhausts. For example, an old man joined an evening party with more music, much chaos, more loving association, but when he returns home, a vanity, a deep silence swallows that moonlit night, the man falls ina deep anxiety, and he starts spending the rest of the night thinking of “the end of life” being alone either in his palace, or in his one single room. In this connection, I would say that yoga has an interesting role to play that a man learns to live a joyful life, never feels alone even in a critical situation. So, if we want to overcome any bad situation and a negative psychological condition of our being, we should adopt yoga as primary as life to a living one. As we know that, Desire, Greed, and Expectations are all same things that cause sufferings in man. In our old age, we should be very much conscious about such negativism.And yoga, as I mentioned above, may help us to be free from expectations, dependence, bad-desires and such kind of things that bind a man with sorrowfulness. In yoga, there are simple things – such as kriyas, asanas, and mudras, if we practice them on regular basis, that originally helps us to live a truthful, stable life dwelling in the spirit of pure humanism. Although aging comes, though we have natural bindings as well as attachments we shall never fall in frustration and related egoism. Yogic practices could develop a sense of self-realization, self-esteem, self-sufficiency, that is highly beneficial for every one of any age-group to live a HEALTHY life which has also a positive impact on our society to reform it with good habits and culture. In my paper, I shall focus on some yogic practices (i.e., asanas, kriyas and mudras) to introduce YOGA as a natural equipment that one may adopt for one’s whole life to live it happily.

Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a type of eye strain that occurs when a lot of time is spent on a computer, smartphone or other digital devices. According to the American Association of Optometrists, 70-75% of people who work on a computer and are exposed to the emission of artificial blue light for more than 3 hours a day, have vision problems (Computer vision syndrome | AOA (n.d.). The most common symptoms are dry and irritated eyes, blurred vision and headaches (Computer vision syndrome, n.d.). In general, CVS refers to a group of symptoms that occur when computers or other digital devices are used for long periods. Specialists (optometrists or ophthalmologists) diagnose CVS with a thorough eye exam and taking a detailed history (types of symptoms, how frequent and severe they are). Treatment usually focuses on moistening the eyes with artificial tears eye drops, correcting refractive errors with eyeglasses, using blue light protective glasses can also be worn to help reduce glare from computer devices and adjusting body position when using digital devices.

Odontomas are the most common type of benign odontogenic tumors. They are usually asymptomatic and are often discovered during routine radiography. Here, we report a case of incidental finding of a complex odontoma and associated impaction of premolar tooth in the mandibular body region of 17 year old male patient.

Statelessness remains a critical global issue, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations and exacerbating social, economic, and political marginalization. This study examines the impacts and implications of statelessness among former Rwandan and Angolan refugees. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, the research delves into the historical context, causes, and contemporary consequences of statelessness for these groups. Through qualitative analyses of case studies and interviews with affected individuals, the study highlights the profound detriments statelessness imposes on identity, access to essential services, and legal rights. The findings reveal that statelessness hinders, socioeconomic integration, perpetuates poverty, and restricts educational and employment opportunities, creating a cycle of disenfranchisement. Moreover, the study underscores the urgency for international policy reforms and national legislative actions to address statelessness. It posits that in a contemporary globalized world, statelessness is an unnecessary condition that can and should be eradicated through concerted efforts by governments, non-governmental organizations, and international bodies. By bringing to light the specific experiences of Rwandan and Angolan stateless individuals, this paper aims to foster a deeper understanding of the issue and advocate for strategies to ensure citizenship rights for all, ultimately contributing to more inclusive and equitable societies.

The exploitation of the drug is a conglomerate chronic disease that affects the functioning of the brain thus resulting in compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. The array of psychoactive substances often includes alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedative hypnotics, cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, tobacco, and use of multiple drugs. Eccentric drugs such as aspirin, diclofenac, cough syrups etc. can also be abused of non-dependency exists under an additional code (Singh & Gupta, 2017). The unprecedented demand for herbal drugs leading to the adulteration and substitution for genuine drugs. The herbal drugs used in the current study are Sarpagandha, Shankhpushpi, Jatamansi. This study focuses on the examination and quantification of sedative contents in herbal drugs/medicines by using HPTLC. The steroidal components are analysed by using various analytical techniques and this signifies that herbal drug have also tendency to be abused. Long-term use of herbal medications developed dependency on people.

The objective of this study is to examine the deterioration of the fertility of hillside and lowland soils in the Nakoyakpala district, in the urban commune of Nzérékoré, Republic of Guinea. The methods used are documentary research, systematic random survey and physicochemical parameters analysis using photometry. The results reveal that 65% of farmers practice parallel crop, 60% of them use chemical inputs and 80% dump waste into ditches, lowlands and waterways. Thus the lowland soils are more humid with a rate of 46.1%, the nitrate content (NO3-) in the lowlands varies between 25mg/l and 20mg/l, while on the hillsides is between 15mg/l and 45mg/l. Ammonium (NH4+) is higher in the hillsides with 3.5 mg/l than the lowlands with 3 mg/l. The pH varies between 4 and 4.5.In view of results from surveys and physicochemical analyzes, it is clearly established the deterioration of the soil is mainly due to bad crops practices. To illustrate the soil fertility degradation, physicochemical parameters of Nakoyakpala district lowland and Hillside soils is compare to the same parameters recommended standadrs for fertile lowland and hillside soils. The results showed pH, Humidity, density and ammonium of lowland and hillside soils of Nakoyakpala are well below compared to the recommended standards. However in nitrate the behave well because they have values higher than the recommended standards.

Gloriosa superba L. is associated with a plethora of medicinal benefits and ethnomedical applications since time immemorial. The current rare state of this plant is the result of over-exploitation for its medical uses. To address Gloriosa superba's low seed set issue, tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis techniques needed to be standardized. In the present study, we tried to develop a standard protocol for in-vitro propagation of G. superba in the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh. G. superba was cultured under circumstances designed for in vitro regeneration utilizing nodal segment explants. The combination of MS+1.5 mg/l BAP+0.5 mg/l NAA produced the most number of shoots (7±0.18), demonstrating the best shoot induction. The number of shoots per culture increased by adding 10% coconut water (CW) to the previously mentioned medium, and the length of the shoots increased by adding 100 mg/l of urea to the media. Shoots cultivated on half-strength MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA + 0.5 mg/l NAA showed the best rooting. The medicinal and conservation components of G. superba will benefit from this established approach, enabling it to satisfy future economic demands.

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of innovative marketing on the sustainability of SACCOs in Kenya. The study sought to provide insights on the key focus areas, which contribute towards the sustainability of SACCOs in Kenya. The study was confined to SACCOs within 5 Counties of Nairobi, Kiambu, Machakos, Muranga and Kajiado. A sample size of 174 SACCOs was taken. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The use of objective and quantifiable data enabled the researcher to generalize the results of the study to the entire population. The correlation coefficient between SACCO sustainability and innovative Marketing is 0.430 with a p-value of 0.000 for a 5% 2-tail test. The study concludes that innovative marketing positively influence sustainability of SACCOs in Kenya. The results of the study also imply that if the SACCOs constantly modify their product range, seek for new markets, and be receptive to new ideas, they will be able to trigger continuity. Moreover, the study also revealed that innovative marketing positively influences the success of SACCOs in all the sectors. From the findings of the study, it can be noted that government regulations moderates the variable resulting to possibility of the sustainability of such SACCO. The study has important implications on the appropriate conceptualization of sustainable business models in the context of SACCOs. This study equips management committees, identify opportunities to improve the SACCO’s value creation and identify potential strategies which may be used to capture particular markets and increase SACCO sustainability.

In this research, a novel set of azoester derivatives featuring a bromo terminal group was synthesized and meticulously characterized to assess their mesomorphic characteristics. These compounds were synthesized via esterification reaction involving 4-n-alkoxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid and 4-((4-bromophenyl) diazenyl)-2-methylphenol. Analysis revealed 12 distinct derivatives displaying predominantly nematogenic behavior, with mesophase initiation observed from the earliest homologue. The mesophase span varied from 4.8°C to 30.9 °C. The decline in the isotropic temperature of the liquid crystal (LC) compounds with increasing carbon chain length underscored the impact of chain flexibility. Various characterization techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), Gauss view, and elemental analysis were employed to probe the compounds' attributes. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) confirmed the presence of mesogenic phases, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) elucidated the thermal properties of select homologues. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the mesomorphic behaviors of the novel azoester series with structurally akin series was conducted, yielding insights into their distinctive properties and potential applications. This study contributes significantly to the comprehension of the intricate relationship between molecular structure and mesophase behavior, providing crucial groundwork for the future design and advancement of liquid crystal materials.

The aim of this paper is to show that confidence and proximity, two ingredients of a genuine relationship between an MFI and a client, have the opposite effect. Moreover, this relationship takes place in two stages. The first stage is in the front office, the negotiation between client and manager using the individual characteristics of the client (age, sex, recidivism and cost of the microcredit "global borrowing rate: TEG") which makes it possible to create calculated confidence. The second stage is in the back office, the operationalisation of the relationship via validation by the MFI manager, using proximities (cultural, geographical, professional and temporal) which can lead to several possibilities from distrust to overconfidence. We drew on the theory of social exchange for its confidence aspect, the literature on confidence and the literature on proximities. The data are secondary, extracted from the database of an MFI in Gabon. The structural equation technique is used. The results indicate on the one hand that the MFI has a calculated confidence towards clients who have a certain experience in borrowing and who are paradoxically of retirement age, and on the other hand, the MFI manager shows an excess of confidence in male clients who borrow in the short term (temporal proximity), who practise the same profession as him (professional proximity due to corporatism) and who share the same language or nationality as him (cultural proximity due to chauvinism and/or patriotism), and paradoxically, are of retirement age. Furthermore, repeat borrowing paradoxically reduces this excess confidence. In conclusion, the confidence calculated in our context is based on two personal characteristics of the client (age and recidivism). The MFI manager's overconfidence is linked simultaneously to the proximity (temporal, cultural and professional) with the client and to the client's personal characteristics (age, sex, rate and recidivism).

Introduction: Aedes species (Ae. Aegypti or Ae. Albopictus) mosquito bites carry the virus that causes dengue, which is spread by vectors. India has a 48.7% seroprevalence of dengue virus infection overall. Zika, Chikungunya, and other viruses are also transmitted by these insects. The only way to manage dengue and its complications is to prevent it, as there is currently no known cure or vaccine for the disease in India. Aim: To assess the knowledge and practice regarding prevention of Dengue among the population of East Sikkim. Method: A descriptive study was carried out on 200 adult residents of East Sikkim's dengue-prone districts. By using a random sampling technique (lottery method) the samples were selected. Data were gathered over the course of two months using an observational checklist for practice and a structured knowledge questionnaire. SPSS version 29 was used for both descriptive and inferential statistical approaches during the data analysis process. Results: The results showed that, regarding dengue prevention, 145 people (72%) had average knowledge, 49 people (25%) had high knowledge, and 6 people (3%) had poor understanding. In regard of dengue prevention, 142 people (71%) had excellent practices, while 58 people (29%) had poor practices. The degree of knowledge and practice about dengue prevention showed a somewhat positive connection (r=0.71). The degree of practice and age (df=4, p=0.001) and family type (df=1, p=0.006) showed a significant correlation, but there was no significant correlation between the level of knowledge and the chosen demographic characteristics. Conclusion: According to the study, most people had good practices and average knowledge of dengue prevention. There is still significant room for improvement, particularly in the area of preventive measures through public awareness campaigns and other initiatives.

Silent Myocardial Infarction (SMI) is a significant condition due to its asymptomatic nature, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of medical students about SMI. A total of 152 medical students were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The results highlight substantial knowledge gaps and the necessity for enhanced educational interventions.

It is not common to find anthropologists working in a business sector, especially in a bank.At first, it might seem that business institutions might not have anything to do with the science of Malinowski, Boas or Geertz. Behind this stereotype, we must understand that business workplace is composed of relational beings (of different people, culture and values). By this therefore, work is not just about process, it's also about people and their background. More so, business and industrial companies are ultimately social communities. The purpose of this article is to defend the presence of anthropology in the business sector. This paper, illustrates the various ways in which anthropologists make contributions to business fields. The paper started by making clarity on the definition, nature and perspective of anthropology and ethnography. The study reviewed and analysed ethnographic materials on business and concluded that, the scrupulous ethnographic contribution of anthropology to business endeavours is the holistic view of the phenomena. That is, the ability to connect divergent points such as the organisational culture, fears and attitudes of the agents involved among others. The implication of anthropology in the business sector could imply a more social vigilance of an increasingly dehumanised economy. Company should therefore, desire to understand better, their users because, millions of lives depend on banking and commerce.

The heart’s left ventricle (LV) has an intrinsically optimal ellipsoidal shape that efficiently contributes to its contractility. We start with this below figure,depicting the LV simulating geometrical model, as a prolate ellipsoid truncated 50% of the distance from equator to base. Based on this figure, we define:

LV shape factor: S = SA/LA (1)

Figure. LV ellipsoidal model geometry: SA = AP/2 and LA = BA/1.5, where AP and BA are the major and minor axes of the LV ellipsoid.

The values of SA and LA can be determined from the echocardiographic monitored values of the LV volume (V) and myocardium volume (VM), given by: VM = 9 π [2 LA x SA² + SA²]h/8 (2) V = 9 π SA² LA/8 (3) wherein V is LV volume, VM is myocardial volume, h is wall-thickness, LA and SA are endocardial major and minor radii. We then define V*= VM /V. Based on the left ventricular ellipsoidal shell model, we can express the circumferential pressure-normalized LV wall stress * (= /P), at the waist of the LV ellipsoidal model, as: (4) This equation provides *as a function of shape factor S, for a given V*. Then the LV contractility index is given by d*/dtmaxwhich is a function of both S and V* (= VM /V). We can thereby employ this LV contractility index which is also shown to be closely related to the conventional contractility index dP/dtmax. Now, based on the 3-d reconstructed surface images of normal LV and ischemic cardiomyopathic (ICM) LV, we have noted that a normal LV is more ellipsoidal in shape compared to the ICM LV. We have also noted that (i) the normal LV becomes more ellipsoidal from end-diastole (ED) to end-systole (ES)with greater reduction in shape factor (S), and (ii) also smaller in size (i.e. greater decrease V and hence greater increase in V*, compared to the ICM LV. In other words, the shape & size factor (S/ V*) decreases far more from the start of ejection (se) to the end of ejection (ee) in the normal LV compared to the ICM LV. So, then based on all these findings, we can now define a simplistic and yet very effective LV Shape &Size Factor-based nondimensional Contractility Index (LVSCI): LVSCI = [(S/ V*)se - (S/ V*)ee ]/ (S/ V*)se x 100 % (5) where se denotes start of ejection and ee denotes end of ejection. Based on thclinical studies data, it is shown that (i) for Group 1 with normal contractility, LVSCI = 70 and the traditional contractility indexdP/dtmax= 1406 mmHg/s, whereas (ii) for Group 3, with poor contractility LVSCI = 47 and dP/dtmax= 948 mmHg/s. This represents a big testimony of the validity and novelty of our LV shape & size based nondimensional contractility Index LVSCI. which can be totally based on LV echocardiographic imaging of LV volume and its myocardial volume only.

This case report presents treatment of a lingually impacted, mesially tilted 2nd Premolar on the right side of the mandibular arch. In this 19 year old boy radiograph is suggestive of impacted 2nd premolar underneath retained 1st deciduous molar in the fourth quadrant of the mouth. Considering the favourable position and normal anatomy of the tooth it was planned to bring the tooth into normal occlusion orthodontically.

Esta pesquisa visa investigar os debates do ambiente político-ideológico e o contexto socioeconômico da virada dos séculos XIX e XX que influenciaram decisivamente na criação em 1910 do primeiro órgão federal republicano responsável oficialmente pelas populações indígenas espalhas no território nacional, o Serviço de Proteção aos Índios e Localização de Trabalhadores Nacionais (S.P.I.L.T.N), o qual foi posteriormente renomeado para Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (S.P.I.) em 1918. Avançaremos na análise dos primeiros passos deste aparelho federal em sua trajetória de legitimar-se no contexto administrativo da então jovem república brasileira.

The quest for HIV eradication has seen significant progress with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), transforming HIV infection from a life-threatening condition to a manageable chronic disease. Recent research endeavors have focused on understanding HIV pathogenesis, exploring novel therapeutic strategies, and addressing challenges associated with long-term treatment and eradication efforts. Clinical interventions aimed at curing HIV infection have been explored extensively, with trials testing various immune interventions and diagnostic systems to target latent viral reservoirs and improve clinical monitoring. While improvements in virological and immunological outcomes offer hope for increased life expectancy among PLHIV on ART, challenges remain in achieving parity with the general population. Timely diagnosis and treatment have been shown to enhance life expectancy, but the presence of comorbidities not linked to AIDS poses a significant risk, particularly among women. Efforts to eradicate HIV also encompass infections among PLHIV on ART, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment strategies to combat drug resistance and improve management outcomes. In addition to HIV eradication efforts, understanding the dissemination of the oral microbiota in the body has emerged as a crucial aspect of overall health. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome has been linked to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and respiratory illnesses. Studies highlight the intricate interplay between oral health and well-being, advocating for interdisciplinary approaches in healthcare. Overall, while significant strides have been made towards HIV eradication and understanding the systemic implications of oral health, continued research efforts and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential to address the evolving challenges and improve long-term health outcomes for PLHIV.