December 2025

The digital revolution has generated new possibilities for communication, education, and social engagement. Nonetheless, it has concurrently unveiled new dimensions of violence against women, with online harassment, stalking, and blackmail becoming widespread dangers. This research analyses cybercrime targeting women through a sociological lens, highlighting the influence of gendered power dynamics, patriarchal frameworks, and digital marginalization on women's experiences in cyberspace. This study examines patterns of online harassment and the socio-cultural obstacles to reporting, utilizing feminist criminology and sociological theories of power, stigma, and anomie. Utilizing secondary data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), UN Women reports, and qualitative interviews conducted in Delhi, the findings indicate that young women are disproportionately victimized, pervasive underreporting persists due to stigma, and digital literacy markedly affects women's capacity to resist or report cybercrimes. The study indicates that cybercrime targeting women is not solely a technology difficulty but a social issue fundamentally entrenched in gender inequity, requiring reforms in digital education, law enforcement, and gender awareness.

The credibility of financial information is fundamentally influenced by the ethical conduct of accounting professionals and the standards guiding financial reporting practices. This study empirically examines the impact of ethical accounting practices on the reliability and transparency of financial reporting within organizations. Using a structured survey administered to 120 accounting professionals, including accountants, auditors, and financial managers, the research explores the relationship between ethical behavior, adherence to accounting standards, and the perceived quality of financial information. The findings reveal that organizations with strong ethical frameworks and regular ethics training demonstrate higher levels of financial reporting reliability and transparency. A significant majority of respondents (68%) agreed that ethical awareness and compliance reduce the likelihood of misstatements and manipulation in financial reports. However, challenges such as pressure from management, lack of ethical oversight, and weak enforcement mechanisms were identified as key barriers to maintaining ethical standards. The study concludes that ethical accounting practices play a critical role in enhancing the credibility of financial information, thereby strengthening stakeholder confidence and promoting corporate accountability. It recommends integrating ethics-focused training, stringent internal controls, and transparent corporate governance policies to ensure consistent ethical compliance in financial reporting. 92.5% of respondents are aware of professional ethical standards. 85–90% agree that ethics enhances reliability and transparency in financial reporting. The adjusted R² value of 0.62 shows that 62% of the variation in financial reporting quality can be explained by ethical practices, confirming the acceptance of the alternative hypotheses (H₁₁ and H₁₂). Regression analysis confirms a strong positive impact of ethics on financial reporting quality (p < 0.01).

Flood risk remains a constant threat to populations, prompting growing interest in water sciences. Within this context, the present study, “Contribution of Frequency Analysis to the Predetermination of Floods in the Nazinon Watershed at Dakaye”, aims to implement a suitable frequency model for flood prediction. The methodology involved analyzing precipitation variability, characterizing the hydrological regime, and understanding watershed behavior. A frequency analysis was then applied to maximum flow rates. The sample was constructed using the annual maximum method. Basic assumptions of frequency analysis were tested, followed by calibration and validation of various models to identify the best-fitting distribution. Rainfall analysis in the Nazinon watershed revealed an upward trend. However, the annual maxima method failed to meet the stationarity assumption. Among the tested distributions, Gumbel’s law provided the best fit. This model enabled the estimation of return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100years using the method of moments. In terms of probability, a flood with a 100-year return period has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year. These quantiles are essential for designing hydraulic structures and can be used with a safety coefficient to ensure resilience. This study highlights the importance of frequency analysis in flood prediction and infrastructure planning, especially in regions experiencing increasing rainfall variability.

Gender equality in education has been an issue of interest in the development agendas of the whereas each country was required to integrate gender issues into their development plans and strategies. Despite efforts made to achieve gender equality in education, few countries worldwide have attained full gender parity in secondary education. Tanzania like other SSA countries has worked hard to achieve gender equality in respect to education as given by EFA MDGs and currently SDGs. However, the problem of girls dropping out early from school and poor academic performance continues to be prevalent. Poor Menstruation Hygienic Management (MHM) pointed out as one among factors affecting progress toward development of girls’ education. This study therefore, assessed practice of MHM in government secondary schools and its impact on girls’ education. The study was guided by phenomenological research design so as gain understanding about MHM practices and the related effects on education of girls. Stratified sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 21 participants from which information related to study problem was collected. Data collection methods included interview and focus group discussion while data analysis involved thematic analysis. Study findings revealed that there is change in attitude about MHM whereas society in the study area perceives it positively. The study further noted that there is poor practice of MHM in the study area whereas most of schools do not have MHM disposal facilities but also do not provide enough sanitary pads to girls. Nevertheless, school girls are not provided with hygienic pads at home because of poor financial condition of their parents. Additionally, the study revealed that poor practice of MHM has negatively impact girls’ education and progress toward achievement of full gender parity in secondary education.

Maxillary canine impaction, affecting 1–3% of the population, poses both functional and esthetic challenges in orthodontics. Skeletal growth patterns and dentoalveolar dimensions are critical factors influencing its occurrence. This study aimed to evaluate and compare maxillary dentoalveolar characteristics in patients with vertical and horizontal growth patterns using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was performed on CBCT scans of 30 patients, equally divided into vertical and horizontal growth types, classified using Steiner’s SN-GoGn angle. Measurements included inter-canine width (ICW), inter-molar width (IMW), arch length (AL), and arch perimeter (AP). Results revealed that patients with vertical growth patterns had significantly narrower transverse dimensions (ICW: 26.79 ± 3.89 mm; IMW: 48.61 ± 1.88 mm) compared to those with horizontal patterns (ICW: 31.34 ± 1.43 mm; IMW: 55.49 ± 2.59 mm; p < 0.001). Arch length was greater in the vertical group (26.44 ± 1.59 mm) than in the horizontal group (23.90 ± 1.31 mm), with no significant difference in arch perimeter. Basal measurements also showed notable variation (p ≤ 0.03). These findings suggest that vertical growth patterns are linked with constricted maxillary arches, increasing the risk of canine impaction. Early identification via CBCT and timely interceptive measures, such as dentoalveolar expansion, are advisable for effective management.

The study aimed to assess the stress, coping and associated factors towards intimate partner violence among women. A quantitative research approach with non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted. 30 participants were selected using non probability convenient sampling method. Among 30 Women, 10 (33.33%) had mild stress, 6 (20%) had moderate stress and 14 (47%) had severe stress. Also 30, 16 (53.33%) had good coping ability.All 30 (100%) women had associated factors towards intimate partner violence among women were assessed and all (30) women had presence of all factors. Anti-violence strategies was demonstrated to all the women who had intimate partner violence.

Honey bees are typically non-aggressive, but when threatened, they act as a highly coordinated defence force. The biological basis of bee aggression, evaluation of the vulnerability of small ruminants to such attacks and practical measures to prevent similar episodes are necessary to discuss. Bees play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance through pollination, their defensive behaviour can pose serious risks when provoked. Aggressive behaviour of honey bee is more pronounced during warm weather and blooming seasons, when hive activity is at its highest. Surprising and alarming incident occurred near Amreli, Gujarat, India where a swarm of honey bees attacked a flock of grazing sheep and goats. The incident has brought renewed attention to the need for coexistence between wildlife and livestock in rural India. Various species of honey bees can be seen in India such as Apis mellifera ligustica, Apis cerana and Apis dorsata etc. Hypersensitivity reactions, visible stingers, haematological and biochemical parameters are used for diagnosis following honey bee sting. Various types of treatments such as epinephrine injection, NSAIDs etc. can be used for honey bee stings. Prevention and care for honey bee sting by avoiding bee habitats, wear protective clothing etc. are necessary. USDA gave the guidelines on coexisting with bees. In conclusion, Human should aim to understand and respect presence of honey bees and improve coexistence. There should be more research work to understand honey bee behaviour and sting effects on animal as well as human body.

Au Niger, les marchés à bétail sont au centre de la promotion et du développement de la chaine de valeur bétail. L’objectif de la présente étude est de caractériser les marchés à bétail de N’Guel Kolo (Diffa) et Bakin Birgi (Zinder) à l’Est du Niger notamment en termes d’offre, de demande, de prixet des contraintes d’acteurs. L’échantillonnage par quota a permis d’enquêter 171 acteurs dont 84 commerçants, 54 éleveurs et 33 bouchers. L’analyse des données s’est basée sur des statistiques descriptives et des tests de comparaison de moyennes (Khi2) au seuil de 5%. Les résultats révèlent que les petits ruminants sont plus commercialisés (54%) comparés aux gros ruminants (46%). En termes d’offre le jour du marché, les commerçants de N’Geul Kolo présentent un nombre plus important (16,44) de caprins comparés à ceux de Bakin Birgi (14,36). Pour ce qui est d’ovins, les quantités offertes par les commerçants sont presque égales pour les 2 marchés d’étude (14 têtes). Les commerçants de Bakin Birgi offrent plus de bovins (13,59) comparés à ceux de N’Guel Kollo (11,47). En termes de prix, les animaux sont plus chers à N’Guel Kolo qu’à Bakin Birgi. Le choix des animaux se fait sur la base des critères importants. Les acteurs de marché font face à de nombreuses contraintes administratives, sécuritaires et économiques. Ces résultats peuvent servir d’outils d’aide à la décision pour les actions de développement des marchés à bétail au Niger et ailleurs.

Gingerbreadman maps are two-dimensional mathematical model in dynamical systems that depicts chaotic behavior and has the ability to generate complex patterns when iterated. The numerical analysis of a modified Gingerbreadman map and its synchronization in a multiplex network is presented in this paper. A thorough numerical analysis of this model reveals a rich transition between periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic regimes. The domain of synchronization is probed by designing a three-layer network of 200 chaotic modified Gingerbreadman maps. The numerical analysis of this domain through interlayer coupling force reveals the layers to be desynchronous or synchronous state. The inherent unpredictability of this model renders it a promising candidate for cryptographic applications, particularly in the generation of robust pseudo-random numbers. These numbers exhibit exceptional resistance to attack, thereby enhancing the security of scientific data, as well as facilitating secure communication, leading to economic development.

Urban governance and public transport management in Greater Lomé face significant challenges due to incomplete decentralization and institutional fragmentation. The inefficiency of the transport system stems from a lack of coordination between public and private stakeholders, overlapping responsibilities, and the absence of an integrated strategic vision. This study employs a methodological approach combining document analysis, semi-structured interviews with sector stakeholders, and field observations. The aim is to examine institutional practices, the conditions under which transport infrastructure operates, and the urban governance challenges involved. The findings show that, despite legislative progress, transport governance remains hindered by a lack of resources, organizational weaknesses, and ineffective institutional coordination. The focus on road infrastructure comes at the expense of soft mobility and multimodal solutions, thereby limiting the transition to sustainable mobility. Drawing inspiration from international experiences, the study recommends strengthening inter-institutional coordination, introducing innovative financial mechanisms, and integrating sustainable mobility into strategic plans. This article highlights the urgency of structural reform in transport governance in Lomé. It proposes an integrated and pragmatic approach to enhance the efficiency of the urban transport system and address the growing needs of the population while promoting inclusive and sustainable mobility.

This article analyzes the impact of current climatic conditions and erosion processes on the stability and performance of Drinking Water Supply (DWS) pipelines in Kinshasa. In a context well known across coastal countries and particularly in the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, we propose a vulnerability assessment protocol, technical and nature-based adaptation measures, and a monitoring model tailored to local constraints. The findings highlight the need to integrate coastal management strategies and targeted engineering protections to significantly reduce the risk of pipeline rupture and repeated exposure of the DWS networks.

The degradation of natural ecosystems (decline in soil fertility, regression of plant resources, desertification) poses real problems for farmers, especially for activities related to agriculture. Notwithstanding that rainfall patterns and temperature fluctuations are becoming increasingly unpredictable, the productivity of cultivated species must take into account the influence of the environment. However, identifying high-performing cuttings or cultivars for most crop improvement programs requires prior evaluation and characterization of their variability across a wide range of environmental conditions. The aims of this study is to evaluate the tuber productivity of seven orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties in three agro-ecological different sites (Bengou, Lougga tabla and Tahoua) in Niger. For this, a factorial block design with total randomization and three replications was implemented at the trial sites during the 2021 and 2022 rainy seasons. Two factors were investigated. The factor (variety) had seven (7) levels (var1 to var7), and the factor (site) had three (3) levels (S1, S2, and S3). The collected data were analyzed using Minitab.v18 and Rv4.3.1 softwares. Analysis of variance with effect of varieties and/or sites, and comparison of average performance of varieties through Fisher's test showed significant differences on the variables studied. The most productive varieties in terms of tuber yield were the BF59XCIP-4 variety, followed by TIO-JOE, AMELIA, CECILIA and APOMUDEN in the different trial sites. The lowest tuber yields were recorded with the varieties ININDA and SUMAIA. The variability is mainly attributable to differences in soil type and climatic conditions at the sites. The estimation of genetic parameters also highlighted a strong influence of environmental factors on trait expression, resulting in significant differences between phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Opportunities for varietal improvement can also be considered once the needs of producers and consumers are clearly identified, and varieties can be developed using the revolutionary genome editing technique (CRISPR-Cas9).

This study examines the processes of urbanization in Baidyabati Municipality, with a specific focus on Wards 9 and 17, from the years 2001 to 2024. Located in the rapidly urbanized Hooghly district of West Bengal, Baidyabati has experienced substantial land use changes and infrastructure growth over the last twenty years. The research seeks to analyse trends in land use alterations, housing development, infrastructure availability, and access to urban facilities, utilizing both spatial and socio-economic data. With the help of Q GIS land use land cover changes has been depicted from 2001 to 2024.To justify this geospatial assessment, a primary household survey has been conducted to 100 participants—50 each from Ward no 9 and 17, ensuring gender balance. The survey results offer valuable insights in to housing conditions, service provision (water, sanitation, and waste management), mobility trends, and residents’ views on infrastructure availability developed after urban growth. Initial findings demonstrate significant positive changes in developed areas, transformation of agricultural land, and a gradual enhancement of roads and drainage systems. Nevertheless, disparities can be seen regarding infrastructure development between ward no 17 and ward no 9. Socio-economic condition of residents are also influencing livelihoods and living conditions. This research adds to the understanding of localized urbanization trends in smaller towns and medium-sized cities of India. It underscores the necessity towards specific planning and participatory governance to tackle uneven development.

Hepatotoxicity refers to structural or functional injury to the liver arising from exposure to natural toxins, metabolic by-products, or infectious agents. From a biomedical standpoint, hepatotoxicity is driven by mechanisms such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune-mediated injury, and disruption of bile transport pathways and further identifies patterns of injury—hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed—based on enzyme profiles. Drugs, alcohol, industrial chemicals, and natural toxins are key contributors to toxic liver injury in clinical practice. Ayurveda describes a remarkably parallel conceptual framework. Hepatotoxicity aligns broadly with Yakrit-Vikara arising from Pitta, Rakta, and Ama vitiation, where toxic or improperly metabolized substances impair the liver’s transformative and detoxifying capacities. The ingestion of Ahita (unwholesome foods), Dushi-varga dravyas (chronic low-grade toxins), contaminated food, and virulent biological agents correspond closely to the modern idea of hepatocellular insults. Classical texts further describe Yakrit Dushti arising from metabolic burden, mirroring modern concepts of lipotoxicity and Fatty Liver disease. Thus, both systems recognize the Liver as a central organ of metabolism and toxin clearance, and both attribute hepatic injury to overload, impaired transformation, and toxic accumulation—offering converging explanatory models and complementary strategies for prevention, early recognition, and management.