Advances in biosafety and biosecurity: challenges and future perspectives in India and Nepal

Global health security is currently a burning issue worldwide. This is primarily because the world is faced with the spread of newly emergent and re-emergence of infectious microorganism. The term Biosecurity is broadly the policies and practices that protect against the deliberate misuse of biology to cause harm. It is a comprehensive and strategic framework of measures, protocols and policies aimed at preventing, managing and reducing risks caused by harmful fatal biological agents. It covers the different parameters starting from protecting and safeguard the agricultural aspects on the other way the environment considering the human health against pandemics and bioterrorism. It covers agriculture, food safety, ecological or environmental protection, different defence mechanisms against intentional bioterrorism or the major one are accidental outbreak. Level of Biosecurity are considered as isolation of new animals in farm level as national control and border controls in international level. The major strategies of Biosecurity include physical, structural and management measures such as controlling access, equipment disinfection and also continuous monitoring of pests.