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Assessment of ideal concentrations of platelet rich plasma in regeneration of human periodontal ligament cells

Author: 
Dr. Santosh Kumar Verma, Dr. Madhu Ranjan, Dr. Barun Dev, Dr. Abhik Sen, Dr. Sankalp Verma and Dr. Marilia Marceliano-Alves
Subject Area: 
Health Sciences
Abstract: 

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used in periodontal therapy for past two decades. However, results obtained are conflicting. Moreover, the optimum concentrations of PRP to promote wound healing and regeneration still remains uncertain. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in vitro. This study was an attempt to find ideal concentration for clinical uses. Materials and method: Primary cultures of hPDLCs were obtained from healthy premolars. PRP was isolated by two-step centrifugation. Platelet gel releasate (PGR) was prepared by activating PRP with thrombin and CaCl2. The functional parameters of hPDLc (proliferation, alkaline phosphatase) were analyzed in vitro for 14 days in the presence of different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) of platelet gel releasate (PGR). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Results: There was time-dependent increase in cell count in all groups till 14th days. The number of cell was maximum in 100% PGR on 1st (n=15+4.3) and 3rd (n=17+6.1) day. 25% PGR showed maximum proliferation on 7th and 14th day. Spectrophotometric ALPase activity assay showed time dependent increase in ALPase activity till 7th day and decrease afterwards. 25%PGR showed maximum ALPase activity on 7th day. Conclusions: PGR is an effective stimulator of hPDLc. Higher concentrations (100% & 75%) of PGR results in excessive proliferation of cells in the initial stage but lower concentration (25%) showed controlled and gradual proliferation. Moreover, lower concentration of PGR caused differentiation (ALPase activity) of cells in the late stage. Thus, it seemed that PRP with 25% concentration was an ideal.

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