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The association between hyponatremia and severity of complications in liver cirrhosis

Author: 
Priyank Udagani, Vibha, C. and Vishwanath, H. L.
Subject Area: 
Life Sciences
Abstract: 

Introduction: Sodium disturbances leading to hyponatremia is a common problem in adult patients admitted to hospital and are associated with high mortality rate. Dilutional hyponatremia is considered to be the consequence of higher rate of renal retention of water in relation to sodium, due to decrease in free water clearance. An activation of the renin – angiotensin aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system and a nonosmotic release of vasopressin frequently develop in patients with cirrhosis. Aim: To evaluate the association between the serum sodium levels and severity of complications in liver cirrhosis. Method: Data of inpatients with cirrhotic complications were collected retrospectively. The serum sodium levels and severity of complications in 50 patients were analysed. Results: The prevelance of dilutional hyponatremia classified as serum sodium concentration of ≤ 130 mmol/L , 131 - 135 mmol /L , > 135 mmol/L. The serum sodium levels was strongly associated with severity of liver function impairement as assessed by Child – Pugh and MELD scores. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that low serum sodium levels are a common feature in patients with cirrhosis. The existence of sodium concentration of ≤ 135 mmol/L is associated with poor control of ascites and greater frequency of developing hepatic encephalopathy compared with patients with serum sodium concentration within normal limits.

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