Association of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) polymorphism in north west Punjabi population in relation to causation of coronary artery disease

Background: CAD has been associated with mortality and diminished quality of life. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma is a transcription factor that leads to the regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipoprotein metabolism and nuclear homeostasis. Aim: The present study aimed at evaluating the association, if any, of Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282) in PPARγ gene in CAD cases in the North West Punjabi population of Punjab. Subjects and Methods: A total of 600 samples from Punjab comprising 300 CAD cases (199 CAD without T2DM and 101 CAD with T2DM) and 300 controls were genotyped for Pro12Ala PPARγ polymorphism using amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The frequency of G allele was observed to be higher in controls (14.8%) compared to CAD without T2DM (11.6%) and CAD with T2DM (13.4%) cases. Co-dominant model provided 0.64 fold protection towards CAD predisposition (p=0.04, OR=0.64(0.41-0.98)). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that under genetic model analysis, only co-dominant model provided significant association and G allele (Pro12Ala) conferred protection against CAD in individuals with low waist circumference.