Biological hydrogen production from renewable resources using microbes

Hydrogen is the fuel for the present and future, due to its recyclability and nonpolluting nature. Hydrogen generates no carbon based pollutants but produces water when it used as fuel. In comparison with fossil fuel, hydrogen has a higher energy yield also. Microbial hydrogen production provides some advantageous over the chemical process, it is clean, efficient and environmental friendly. Photochemical and fermentative systems are the two main system of microbial hydrogen production. Various types of biomass are considered as the source for bio-hydrogen generation such as sago industry waste, dairy wastes, palm oil mill effluent, rubber industrial effluent, agricultural waste and rice mill effluent can be used for hydrogen production through suitable bioprocess techniques. This review article summarizes types of biowastes, bio-processing strategies, types of microbes, microbial cultures to be used and the recent developments are discussed with their relative advantages.