Pain, particularly of musculoskeletal origin, is a common clinical complaint that significantly impairs functionality and quality of life. In modern medicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely utilized for their potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the long-term use of NSAIDs is often restricted due to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal irritation, renal impairment, and increased cardiovascular risk. In contrast, Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, employs Swedana therapy, a type of therapeutic fomentation administered as part of the Panchakarma purification procedures. Swedana, by inducing controlled perspiration through herbal steam, boluses, or immersion methods, is believed to pacify Vata Dosha, enhance circulation, alleviate stiffness, and relieve pain without causing systemic toxicity. This review aims to comprehensively compare NSAIDs and Swedana therapy in terms of mechanism of action, efficacy in pain reduction, side-effect profile, clinical indications, and applicability in chronic versus acute pain conditions. The analysis draws from classical Ayurvedic texts, recent clinical studies, and modern pharmacological data. Results suggest that while NSAIDs offer quick symptomatic relief in acute pain, Swedana provides long-term functional improvement, particularly in chronic and degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis, cervical spondylosis, and fibromyalgia. Additionally, Swedana demonstrates a favorable safety profile, making it a valuable therapeutic tool in integrative pain management protocols. The review underscores the potential of Swedana therapy as an effective, safe, and sustainable alternative or adjunct to NSAIDs. Integrating both approaches could optimize patient outcomes, reduce drug dependency, and promote holistic healing. Further clinical trials are recommended to validate efficacy and establish standardized treatment guidelines in integrative pain care.
