Contrast induced nephropathy in acute stemi patients undergoing primary PCI and its correlation with volume of contrast and duration of symptoms

Introduction: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the major complications of coronary intervention and has been correlated with mortality. CIN is responsible for approximately 11% of all iatrogenic renal insufficiency and is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired renal failure after decreased renal perfusion and nephrotoxic drugs. CIN is traditionally defined as an increase in serum creatinine of either 0.5 mg/dl or 25% from baseline within 72 h of exposure. The association of increase in serum creatinine with short- and long-term adverse clinical outcomes is well established. Objectives: To find out occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary PCI and its relation with duration of symptoms and contrast volume. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, including 140 patients undergoing primary PCI. Results: Majority of patients were males (74.28%). Mean patient age was 53.32±11.97 years. Smoking (45.71%), hypertension (36.42%), diabetes mellitus (28.57%), and Dyslipidemia (22.85%) were the main risk factors. Most patients presented between 3 to 6 hours of index event (44.28%). Twenty nine patients (20.71%) developed CIN. The mean contrast volume used in CIN group was significantly higher than non CIN group. Conclusion: Contrast induced nephropathy occurs frequently in patients undergoing primary PCI. There is no correlation between duration of symptoms at presentation and CIN. The volume of contrast used during procedure is a good predictor of development of CIN.