Epidemiological analysis of female infertility: clinical patterns, risk factors, and hormonal imbalances

Infertility is a significant global health concern, affecting nearly 8-12% of couples worldwide. In India, infertility is a growing issue, with an increasing number of couples seeking medical intervention. This study analyzes the epidemiological trends, clinical patterns, and risk factors associated with female infertility among women attending a tertiary care center in Himachal Pradesh, India. A hospital-based observational study was conducted on 100 infertile women in the reproductive age group between May 2023 and August 2023. The study found that 71% of cases were primary infertility, while 29% were secondary infertility. Among these cases, 54% were attributed to female factors, while 21% were linked to male factors. The most common female factor was polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD), affecting 44% of women, followed by tubal blockage (13%) and hormonal imbalances such as thyroid dysfunction and elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The study highlights the need for comprehensive infertility evaluations and early intervention strategies to optimize treatment outcomes.