Experimental animal model development

Human or non-human species are used as an animal model in biomedical research which is helpful in determining biological process or disease found in humans and animals. In order to create treatments and prevention measures, animal models are crucial for biomedical research. Knock out mouse, naked mice, humanized mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, Wistar rats, zebrafish, non-human primates etc. can be used in animal model development. There are several uses of animal models such as to understand biological process, for new studies, research work and are used in preventive and curative aspects like development of vaccine and antibiotics. Several ethical guidelines should be followed during use of animal models. Animal models should be selected according to type of study. Experimental animal models can be developed for diseases such as diabetes, ketosis, atherosclerosis, cancer, wound healing, covid 19 etc. Humans can be the ultimate animal model for experimental study. Organ on a chip model is often referred to as micro-physiological systems or organoids; these advanced miniaturized systems are made to resemble human organs in terms of both shape and function. New approaches like genetic engineering, artificial intelligence, organ on chips, etc. are being developed as a result of reducing and replacing the number of animals employed in experimental protocols. Recently, scientists have started reconstructing germ-free mice and rats with microbiota derived from human faecal samples, going beyond the ideas of gnotobiology. For the future perspective, microchip models concentrate on discrete organs or certain activities, whereas animal models enable the study of intricate relationships within an entire organism.