Rural households, especially those in the developing world, rely on fuelwood for provision of energy for cooking and lighting. This study, carried out in Lurambi District, Kakamega County, examined factors influencing fuelwood scarcity among rural households. Data was collected from 200 households using sysematic random sampling technique, with the main tools for data collection being a standardised questionnaire and a Key Informant Interviews checklist. The findings of the study indicated that 95% of the households used fuelwood and that 84% of them experienced fuelwood scarcity. Further, the findings showed that lack of communal collection points and reducing land sizes have contributed to fuelwood scarcity. The study concluded that socio economic and environmental factors have contributed to fuelwood scarcity among rural households in the district.