The River Jhelum is one of the main tributaries of the Indus River and is the longest river of Kashmir valley originating from Pir panjal range of mountains. A detailed limnological study of the River Jhelum was conducted in year 2010-2011. Five study sites were selected for the collection of samples from the Jhelum. The ionic composition of water of the streams varied in close relationship with the catchment pattern of the concerned water body. The water of the river was well buffered and pH > 7 was recorded. In upper reaches the River water was found to be medium hard type (Mean hardness= 93.7±mg/l) and in downstream the hardness was much more (Mean hardness 150±mg/l), it is because due to huge entry of significant quantities of nutrients rich surface runoff from human habitation.