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Municipal solid waste dynamics in semi-arid landscape: a case study of nokha city, Bikaner (Rajasthan)

Author: 
Preeti Pandey and P.D. Charan
Subject Area: 
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Abstract: 

The rapid urbanization creates complex environmental and socio-economic challenges for smaller towns like Nokha city in Bikaner district, Rajasthan. Nokha city is located in the semi-arid zone of Rajasthan, where waste generation is increasing along with rapid urbanization. The study assesses the volume and composition of municipal waste produced in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of Nokha city through a combination of field surveys, waste audits and interviews with local stakeholders. The findings of the quantitative analysis underscore significant inefficiencies in the existing waste management system, including limited public involvement in waste segregation and a heavy dependence on open dumping. The present investigation was carried out to assess the composition, nature, volume and physicochemical parameters of 120 samples of soil selected for the municipal solid waste from Nokha city. The study was carried out for the period of four years from 2021 to 2024. Iron levels (3.85-3.93 ppm) remained below the deficiency threshold (< 4.5 ppm), indicating marginal availability. Copper values (0.23-0.29 ppm) stayed within the sufficient range (> 0.2 ppm), while manganese (2.18-2.37 ppm) showed adequate availability (> 2.0 ppm) across all years. Based on data analysis, the study recommends localized sustainability strategies such as decentralized composting, enhanced material recovery systems and community-driven awareness initiatives.

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