The role of some natural antioxidants in ameliorating the toxic effects of nano titanium dioxide on bone complications in rats

Several potential health hazards are associated with the wide use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (e.g., n-TiO2). The primary aim of the current study was to detect the toxic effects of 800 mg/kg 50 nm n-TiO2 on bone metabolism. Comparative studies were conducted to determine whether natural antioxidants, such as idebenone, carnosine and melatonin, could ameliorate the hazardous effects of n-TiO2 on down regulation of bone. The results of this study revealed that n-TiO2 treatment produced bone complications, which were confirmed by alteration of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, inflammatory cytokine) level and bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP; bone formation marker), and C-terminal peptide of type I collagen (CTx; bone resorption marker) in treated rats compared with controls. The administration of the previously mentioned antioxidants along with n-TiO2 treatment significantly modulated the alterations in most the inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers. It was concluded that treatment with idebenone, carnosine and melatonin protects against n-TiO2 oxidative stress-induced bone complications.