Sleep hygiene is a group of behavioral and environmental practices that improves the quality of physical, mental and emotional well-being. Lifestyle factors such as increased screen time, work related stress, caffeine intake; environmental factors like noise and light can affect sleep hygiene. Poor sleep hygiene leads to physical, mental and cognitive health outcomes along with metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and psychological disturbances. Sleep affects children, old age people, and healthcare workers in different ways. In children, academic workload, including online classes, e-learning, homework, and assignments, can leads to delay bedtime, and stress, anxiety reduces the quality sleep. Healthcare professionals working in shifts, particularly night shifts, experiences disturbed sleep, with 64–70% reporting poor sleep quality after completion of night shift. Old age people commonly face sleep problems such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, due to medical comorbidities, Intake of medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, antidepressant, and irregular daytime napping. These factors are effects on quality sleep and impacting physical and mental health. Sleep related problems are widely reported across the Indian population and it is a significant health issue in India, Studies indicates that approximately 25–30 % of Indian population is affected by insomnia, approximately 11 % of adults are affected by obstructive sleep apnea, with millions of people affected by moderate-to-severe forms of the disorder. In addition sleep disturbances are frequently reported among older adult and rural populations it indicating a considerable national burden this review highlights the concept of sleep hygiene, physiology of sleep, factors affecting for sleep hygiene, impacts of sleep hygiene on physical health, mental health, cognitive functioning and practices to promote healthy sleep hygiene.
