Effectiveness of deep breathing exercise to reduce anxiety and improve quality of life among breast cancer patients: A narrative review

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, with breast cancer being the most prevalent type of cancer among women. It occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow uncontrollably. Anxiety and depression are common psychological responses among breast cancer patients, which can significantly impact their quality of life (QoL). This study aims to evaluate the anxiety and quality of life in breast cancer patients and explore the effectiveness of deep breathing exercise in alleviating anxiety and improving QoL. Methods: A review of the literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ResearchGate, and CINHAL. The search utilized MeSH terms including "Breast Cancer," "Anxiety," "Quality of Life," and " Deep breathing exercise." A total of 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this narrative review. Results: The majority of studies reported a high prevalence of anxiety and depression among breast cancer patients, which negatively affects their quality of life. Several studies highlighted the positive impact of complementary therapies, including deep breathing exercise, in improving psychological well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among these patients. Conclusion: Deep breathing exercise is a simple and effective therapy that can help reduce anxiety in breast cancer patients. Combined interventions using deep breathing exercise and other complementary therapies may further enhance the psychological and physical health of patients.