Aim: The aim of our study is to define the epidemiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity of isolated bacteria from blood cultures, in order to enhance the probabilistic antibiotherapy of bacteremia. Material and method: This is a retrospective study, conducted in the laboratory of bacteriology at IBN TOFAIL hospital in Marrakesh over a period of one year (January 2016-January 2018), covering all the bacteria isolated in blood cultures collected from inpatients. The bacterial identification was made by biochemical gallery "Api" and the sensitivity to antibiotics was tested by antibiogram on agar medium according to the recommendations of the EUCAST 2017. Results: During the study period, 460 Blood culture were performed from which 124 bacterial strains were isolated. Enterobacteriaceae dominated the epidemiological profile and accounted for 39% of isolates followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (35%), Enterococcus spp (10%), taphylococcus aureus (6.5%), Acinetobacter boumania (6.5%) and Streptococcus spp (3%). 71% of isolates were from ICU departments. Antibiotic resistance showed that 50% of S.aureus were resistant to oxacillin (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA), 46% of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to third generation cephalosporins, 21% of which were Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Conclusion: For a better guidance toward the choice of antibiotics in bacteremia, regular epidemiological studies of blood cultures isolates, and antibiotic sensitivities are necessary and recommended.
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