Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection alone is not enough to induce malignant transformation due to viral clearance. Genetic factors could play a very important role in the progression. Genes such as cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) could affect the progression of cervical lesions. The objectives of this study were to screen HPV-positive women and to determine CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms in human papillomavirus infections in West African women. Methods: For this study, a total of 1215 samples taken from endocervical cells, were collected. The women came from 5 countries in West Africa. These samples were analyzed by multiplexed real-time PCR to search for fourteen high-risk HPV genotypes (HR-HPV). The mono-nucleotide polymorphism MspI was determined using the RFLP PCR technique. Results: Of the 1215 swab specimens, 367 (30.28 %) were HPV positive and 848 (69.80 %) HPV negative. High-risk characterized genotypes were in descending order: HPV 66 (12.81 %), HPV 59 (10.85 %), HPV 52 (10.68 %), HPV 51 (9.25 %), HPV 45 ( 7.83 %), HPV 39 (6.94 %), HPV 56 (6.05 %), HPV 35 (5.87 %), HPV 58 (5.87 %), HPV 18 (5.52 %) , HPV 31 (3.38 %), HPV 33 (2.49 %), HPV 16 (2.14 %). This study also revealed the presence of the CYP1A1 genotype in women with HR-HPV infection. It also showed a decrease in the frequency of CC genotype in women with HR-HPV infection (3.45 %) compared with controls (7.28 %). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of HPV 66, HPV 35 and HPV 59. The prevalence of HPV 18 and HPV 16 are among the lowest in this study. However, the results of the research demonstrated that the rs4646903 mutation of the CYP1A1 gene was not statistically related to a risk of acquiring HPV infection in the West African population.
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