Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has been proved to increase the risk of bladder cancer among diabetics, yet studies in Nigeria are scarce. Objectives to Aim: To determine the prevalence of urothelial cell cancer and assessment of Diabetic patients who attend clinic at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu southeastern Nigeria. Materials and methods: Ethical clearance and informed consents were appropriately obtained. Fasting Blood Sugar of the participants (165 diabetics and 140 non diabetics) were determined, then terminal urine samples were collected in a sterile universal container by the participants. Self administered questionnaires were issued. Urine samples were centrifuged at 4000rpm for 10 minutes. The sediments were used to make smear on well labeled charged slides and stained using May-Grunwald Geimsa staining technique for cytology. Urinalysis and urine microscopy were also carried out on the urine sediments. Results: Hyperglycaemia was noticed in 81.05% of the diabetics. Prevalence of abnormal urothelial cell among the diabetics was 3.03%. Conclusion: There was low prevalence of urothelial cell cancerand poor control of blood sugar level among diabetics in this locality. There was low post diagnosis survival rate.
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