The Role of Vitamin D in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Metabolic Dysregulations: A Case Control Study

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting the women of reproductive age. Vitamin D deficiency may have a role in etiopathogenesis of PCOS and its metabolic and endocrine dysregulations. Various studies have shown conflicting results regarding role of vitamin D in PCOS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find out vitamin D status in PCOS and its association with various metabolic dysregulations. Methods: This single center prospective case control study included 100 females with PCOS and 100 controls. Participates were evaluated for vitamin D status. Correlation of vitamin D with metabolic dysregulations in PCOS was then done. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 102 (51%) participants. Vitamin D levels were lower in PCOS group compared to control group (20.9 ± 10.2 vs 27.0 ± 15.6, P value 0.001). Prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was also more in PCOS group compared to control group (59% vs 43 %, P value 0.024).Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with BMI of PCOS subjects. However, there was no other significant association between Vitamin D and other metabolic parameters in PCOS subjects. Conclusion: This study highlights that there is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among women with PCOS and suggests the inverse association between vitamin D and BMI. The findings of our study have potentially important public health implications as the vitamin D supplementation can ameliorate insulin resistance which is the main cause for PCOS.