The root canal treatment is one of the most common dental procedures, the aim of which is to save natural teeth and prevent the need for dental implants or bridges. With contemporary advances in endodontic techniques, increasingly complicated cases are undertaken of general dental practitioners —with variable results. Unfortunately, as a consequence the majority of procedures carried out by endodontic specialists today are retreatments. The aim of this review article is to focus on some problems of endodontic treatment and their management.