Table of Contents: Volume 18; Issue 03; March, 2026

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), are computer based mathematical processing systems inspired by the biological neural networks on which the animals brain works and is being used by state of the art computer technology for faster computing systems. In this paper this advanced computing system has been utilized for forecasting rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature during summer monsoon months from ANN models that has been generated by inputting 8 years(2014 to 2021) relevant and available meteorological data. Rainfall amount, maximum and minimum temperature in summer monsoon months are important inputs for crops in kharif season, and if forecasted with accuracy with substantial lead time, then it will be helpful in optimization of crop yield which subsequently will boost the economy of our country. The rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature of year 2022 & 2023 of summer monsoon months was predicted by five best fit models by using twelve meteorological parameters data of previous day and the results found were encouraging. ANN-based forecasting model formula has been created by constructing three layer networks. The data, on analysis, revealed small deviation in forecast values during the event of normal rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature and the model captures nicely the normal trend except in the event of sudden steep change of occurrence of rainfall or maximum and minimum temperature, in which case ensemble forecast of NWP and ANN can be explored.

The classical theory of gyrostat motion in a gravitational environment is often articulated within Newtonian mechanics by Euler–Poisson equations. Nevertheless, when velocities approach relativistic thresholds or when the gravitational field is sufficiently intense, relativistic corrections must be incorporated. In this study, we formulate a mathematical framework that characterizes the motion of a gravitational gyrostat, incorporating relativistic corrections derived from the post-Newtonian approximation of general relativity. The relativistic alteration of the rotational equations of motion is obtained by integrating spin–orbit coupling, relativistic torque, and gravitomagnetic influences. Energy techniques and perturbation theory are used to look at how stable steady rotations are. The study explores that relativistic corrections add new precession terms and change the criteria for stability at equilibrium. These effects are important for astrophysical objects like rotating satellites, compact stars, and spinning spacecraft that are in strong gravitational fields.

Climatic responsive building aims to mediate exter¬nal agents both to reduce climate loads and to create a healthy and comfortable indoor environment.The sensitive approach to comfort gives nowadays more chances to implement passive strategies, especially the use of natural ventilation. Despite the clearly visible change of attitudes towards nature, more analysis often lead to the conclusion that the arising buildings are very rarely based on extensive studies of local bioclimatic conditions. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the traditional ways of adapting dwellings to the climate are combined with advanced technology The northern and southern regions of Cameroon with the Mousgum huts and traditional chiefdoms respectively will allow us to highlight certain technical identities and constructive traditions that are answers to sustainability.Five important case studies are presented in order to demonstrate that the relevant distinguishing feature of bioclimatic architecture is to go beyond the scheme of low-energy buildings and constructed from renewable materials. It is much more vital for the green design to implement the structures in the ecosystem in such a way that they become an integral part of it. Thus understood bioclimatic architecture is logical, well adapted to the climate and therefore economical.

Background: Dental implants are widely used for the replacement of missing teeth and have shown predictable long-term outcomes when appropriate surgical and prosthetic protocols are followed. However, successful implant therapy requires sufficient alveolar bone volume and stable peri-implant soft tissues. In situations where ridge resorption and thin mucosal phenotypes are present, regenerative procedures may be required to establish a favourable biological environment for implant placement. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) and acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafting are commonly used techniques to improve both hard and soft tissue conditions around implants (1–3). Case Presentation: A 42-year-old male patient presented with missing maxillary premolars and complained of difficulty during mastication. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed horizontal ridge deficiency and a thin peri-implant mucosal phenotype. Implant rehabilitation was planned with simultaneous hard- and soft-tissue augmentation. Management and Outcome: Two dental implants were placed in the maxillary premolar region. Guided bone regeneration was performed using particulate bone graft material and a resorbable collagen membrane to address the buccal bone deficiency. An acellular dermal matrix graft was also placed to increase soft tissue thickness around the implants. Healing was uneventful, and prosthetic rehabilitation was completed after confirmation of osseointegration. At 12-month follow-up, the implants remained stable with healthy peri-implant tissues and satisfactory aesthetic integration. Conclusion: The combined use of guided bone regeneration and acellular dermal matrix grafting can effectively address both bone deficiency and thin soft tissue biotype, thereby improving peri-implant tissue stability and supporting long-term implant success.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by episodes of inflammation and ongoing tissue damage. Standard medical treatments, such as corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have improved patient outcomes but are limited by incomplete responses, systemic immunosuppression, and side effects. Anti-integrin therapies offer a targeted method that specifically blocks leukocyte movement into the intestinal mucosa. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules that facilitate immune cell migration and tissue infiltration. By blocking the interaction between leukocyte integrins and endothelial cell adhesion molecules, anti-integrin agents prevent inflammatory cells from entering the gastrointestinal tract. Currently approved anti-integrin drugs for IBD include natalizumab and vedolizumab, with newer options like etrolizumab under research. These medications demonstrate significant success in inducing and maintaining remission in patients with moderate to severe IBD. Notably, gut-selective agents such as vedolizumab provide enhanced safety by reducing systemic immunosuppression. This review explores the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical effectiveness, safety profiles, and emerging therapeutic roles of anti-integrin therapies in inflammatory bowel disease.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the information landscape and redefining the roles and responsibilities of library professionals. From automated cataloguing, intelligent discovery systems, and chatbots to predictive analytics and personalized user services, AI technologies are increasingly embedded in library operations and services. This chapter examines the impact of AI on the future of library professionals, focusing on how traditional roles are evolving into technology-enabled, data-driven, and user-centric functions. It explores emerging competencies such as AI literacy, data stewardship, algorithmic awareness, and ethical decision-making, which are essential for librarians in the digital age. The chapter also discusses challenges associated with AI adoption, including bias, data privacy, transparency, workforce reskilling, and the digital divide. By highlighting real-world applications and future trends, the study emphasizes the need for continuous professional development and institutional support to ensure that library professionals remain relevant and resilient. The chapter concludes that AI should be viewed not as a replacement but as an augmentative tool that empowers library professionals to enhance access to information, improve service quality, and strengthen their role as facilitators of knowledge in an AI-driven society.

This study explores the impact of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) on the economy of Bangladesh, focusing on the Khulna (Sundarbans) and Kushtia (Lalon&Khuti bari). CBT is a community-owned tourism model designed to foster economic development through the preservation of local culture and nature. Utilizing a primary survey of 50 participants alongside secondary data, the research evaluates how CBT influences income, employment, and poverty alleviation. Key findings indicate a significant positive shift in the demographic and economic status of participants. After joining CBT programs, unemployment among respondents plummeted from 42% to 6%, while self-employment rose from 26% to 50%. Income levels also saw substantial growth, with 44% of respondents moving into the Tk. 21,000–30,000 annual net income bracket and 84% reporting that their income had become sufficient to meet their needs. Despite these gains, the study identifies challenges such as the fragile state of the national tourism industry and lower participation rates among women and older age groups. The research concludes that with integrated national policies, public-private partnerships, and improved infrastructure, CBT can serve as a vital tool for sustainable rural development and foreign exchange earnings in Bangladesh.

The study was aimed at investigating the relationship between gender stereotype and students’ psychological wellbeing in the University of Buea. The study was guided by two research objectives which were to; find out how teachers attitude affects students’ psychological wellbeing and to determine how students’ self-esteem affects their psychological wellbeing. This study employed the convergent parallel design. The population of the study was made up of all the undergraduate students and lecturers teaching undergraduate from the University of Buea. The target population consisted 8254 undergraduate students from two selected faculties and a college, The accessible population was made up of 1222 level 200 students. The sample size was 260 students selected using simple randomly sampling technique and 9 lecturers were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using a questionnaire that was made up of close-ended items for students and an interview guide for lecturers. Data we reanalysed inferentially and thematically, For the inferential statistics, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient was used to analysis the data while the qualitative data were analysis using thematic analysis.Findings showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between teacher attitude and students’ psychological wellbeing. The positive sign of the correlation value implies that the psychological wellbeing of student increases when their teacher’s attitudes toward them are positive, findings also showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between self-esteem and students’ psychological wellbeing. The positive sign of the correlation value implies that the students’ psychological wellbeing increases when their self-esteem is positive. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that; training should be organize on gender sensitive techniques through workshops for teachers to change their attitudes and behaviours toward all gender and government should develop and implement gender sensitive polices in all academic institutions.

Since India's economic liberalization in 1991, government spending on infrastructure and public health services—which aims to promote fair access—has changed significantly. Due to disparities in budgetary resources and policy priorities, Indian states exhibit significant variability in their spending patterns as primary healthcare providers. With a focus on interstate inequalities, equity concerns, and the impact of public funding on health outcomes, this study examines changing public health budget trends in 15 key states over the post-reform era. It examines changes in budgetary allotments, per capita expenditures, and the ratio of revenue to capital expenditures using state-level data. The results show unequal progress, with wealthier states in a better position to support health services and infrastructure while poorer states must contend with competing demands for growth and budgetary limits. Essentially, the main challenge facing post-reform India is not only increasing overall public health spending but also allocating it fairly among states in order to promote a stronger, healthier nation. For consistent growth in the health sector, policy recommendations emphasize more fiscal devolution, targeted expenditures, and strong institutions.

This study explores the moral values integral to the Vedic education system of ancient India and their influence on both individual moral development and broader societal values. Grounded in sacred texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita, the Vedic system emphasized key ethical principles, including Dharma (righteousness), Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), and Karma (action and its consequences). These values were not only taught through the study of sacred texts but were also integrated into daily life through the Guru-Shishya (teacher-student) relationship, wherein the Guru served as both an academic and moral guide. The Guru's role was pivotal in shaping the student’s character, teaching by example and providing personal mentorship. This paper explores how these moral teachings influenced personal behaviour and contributed to societal norms, fostering social harmony, ethical leadership, and cultural stability. By reviewing secondary literature, the study underscores the lasting impact of Vedic moral education, suggesting its relevance to contemporary discussions on character development, ethics, and social responsibility. Ultimately, the Vedic system provided a model of education that merged intellectual and moral growth, promoting a just and ethical society.

Many of us dream of moving abroad or visiting foreign lands. Therefore, useful information, experiences, ideas, reports, and data on the best countries worldwide especially in Asia can greatly assist those interested in travel or relocation. This paper aims to support travelers and potential residents in selecting the best destinations, helping them make informed decisions. Asia is known for its lively climate, spiritual depth, nature, rich culture, history, vibrant lifestyle, and incredible biodiversity, making it a top choice for many travelers. From pristine beaches and lively cultures to UNESCO World Heritage-listed cultural capitals, the region offers adventure, relaxation, peace, happiness, diversity, activities, delicious cuisine, comfortable living, and warm hospitality. Asia is truly a land of the exotic, where elephants’ cross riverbeds, pagodas tower over terraced rice fields, and famous sites include the Great Wall of China, Malaysia’s atolls, India’s royal palaces, and Nepal’s Himalayan ranges. Its landscape features diversity, safety, remarkable history, and beauty, especially in Japan. However, since Asia is so vast, we can’t visit all the countries at once. To make planning easier and prioritize our travels or life choices, this investigative paper will serve as a helpful guide for interested people for decision making.