Table of Contents: Volume 18; Issue 07; July, 2026

Life Sciences

Effect of structured naturopathic treatment on pain and size reduction in a ganglion cyst: A case study

Dr. Jobila, D., Dr. Anusha, R., Dr. D. Baby Shalini, Dr. Priya, P., Dr. P. Allwin Christuraj, Dr. Sivamalini, R. and Aby. C. Santhosh

ABSTRACT:
Background: Ganglion cysts are common benign soft tissue swellings of the hand and wrist arising from joint capsules or tendon sheaths. They may cause pain, localized swelling, cosmetic concerns, and restricted joint movement. Non-invasive treatment approaches are increasingly being explored as alternatives to surgical management. Naturopathic hydrotherapy techniques, including thermotherapy and contrast applications, may enhance local circulation, reduce inflammation, and promote tissue healing. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a structured naturopathic hydrotherapy intervention on ganglion cyst size and pain intensity in a patient with a wrist ganglion cyst. Methods: A single-case study was conducted using a 15 days naturopathic treatment protocol comprising warm oil application, infrared radiation (IRR), hot compress, and immediate cold affusion. The intervention protocol was implemented every day for a duration of 20 minutes. Outcome measures included cyst dimensions (length × width × depth), calculated cyst volume (cm³), and pain intensity assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). We collected daily measurements throughout the intervention to monitor ongoing structural and symptomatic changes. Results: Progressive reduction in cyst size was observed over the 15-day treatment period. Initial cyst dimensions of 2.2 × 1.8 × 1.5 cm decreased to 1.2 × 0.8 × 0.6 cm. Correspondingly, cyst volume decreased from 3.08 cm³ at baseline to 0.29 cm³ following treatment, representing an overall reduction of approximately 90.6%. Pain scores fluctuated during the intervention but demonstrated an overall trend toward symptomatic improvement. Conclusion: Structured naturopathic hydrotherapy was associated with substantial reduction in ganglion cyst volume and improvement in pain symptoms. Further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up are warranted to validate these preliminary findings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50777.07.2026
Yogya in shalya tantra: revisiting an ancient simulation-based paradigm of surgical skill acquisition and its relevance to contemporary surgical education

Dr. Shubhra Srivastava, Dr. Vishal Verma and Dr. Sheetal Verma

ABSTRACT:
Background: Surgical competence in Ayurveda has traditionally been understood as the integration of theoretical erudition (Shastra Jnana) with practical dexterity (Kriya Kaushalya). Acharya Sushruta, regarded as the father of surgery, insisted that no practitioner should attempt an operative procedure on a living patient without prior training on substitute models. This preparatory training methodology, described in the Sushruta Samhita under the term Yogya, constitutes one of the earliest documented frameworks of simulation-based surgical education in world medical history. Objective: To critically review the classical concept of Yogya as described in Shalya Tantra and to correlate its principles, materials, and pedagogical structure with modern simulation-based surgical training methodologies. Materials and Methods: A narrative literary review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts, commentaries, and contemporary peer-reviewed literature on simulation-based medical education. Thematic comparison was performed between Yogya practice models and modern simulation modalities such as mannequins, virtual-reality simulators, and cadaveric training. Results: The classical description of Yogya identifies specific organic and inorganic substitute materials — such as pumpkins, bottle gourds, leather bags, lotus stems, and worm-eaten wood — each selected for its biomechanical resemblance to particular human tissues, enabling trainees to rehearse core operative actions (Shastrakarma) including Chedana, Bhedana, Lekhana, Vedhana, Eshana, and Aharana before clinical application. Conclusion: The pedagogical logic underlying Yogya - graded, repetitive, low-risk skill rehearsal prior to patient contact - anticipates, by more than two millennia, the core rationale of present-day simulation-based surgical curricula. Structured revival of Yogya-based training, integrated with modern simulation technology, offers a cost-effective and culturally rooted supplement to surgical pedagogy, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50753.07.2026
An efficient synthesis of novel 2-azetidinone derivatives via schiff base cyclization and their biological studies

More M. S., Kharode B. G. and Shinde, L. P.

ABSTRACT:
The synthesis of novel 2-azetidinone (β-lactam) derivatives has attracted considerable attention owing to their diverse biological and pharmaceutical applications. In the present study, a series of substituted 2-azetidinone derivatives were synthesized through the cyclocondensation of Schiff bases with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of an appropriate base catalyst. The Schiff bases were initially prepared by the condensation of substituted aromatic aldehydes with various aromatic amines and subsequently converted into the corresponding β-lactam derivatives via Staudinger cyclization. The synthesized compounds were purified and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, 1H NMR, ^13C NMR, and mass spectral analysis, which confirmed the formation of the azetidinone ring system. The synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their biological potential, and preliminary studies revealed promising antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains. Structural modifications on the aromatic ring significantly influenced the biological activity of the compounds. The presence of electron-withdrawing substituents enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting an important structure–activity relationship. The developed synthetic protocol provided good yields, shorter reaction times, and facile isolation of products.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50749.07.2026
An integrative ayurvedic approach to chronic kidney disease: a stage-wise preventive and supportive fundamental framework

Dr. Bishnupriya Mohanty and Om Krishna Patkar

ABSTRACT:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a complex, multifactorial disorder influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. An interdisciplinary approach integrating nephrology and Ayurveda offers a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis, prevention, and management. Environmental studies reveal that exposure to heavy metals, pesticides, and water pollutants contributes significantly to renal dysfunction, particularly in rural and agrarian communities. This correlates with the Ayurvedic concept of Ama (metabolic toxins) and Dosha Prakopa which are central to disease development. Nephrology provides insights into CKD progression, decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and clinical management, while Ayurvedic interventions such as Punarnavadi Kvatha, Gokshuradi Guggulu, and Rasayana therapy demonstrate potential benefits in improving renal function, enhancing diuresis, and reducing oxidative stress, as documented in peer reviewed studies. Classical descriptions of Mutrakrichha and Mutraghata align with early CKD manifestations, allowing opportunities for early intervention. Bridging these disciplines enables development of preventive strategies, Ahara Vihara guidelines, and community level interventions to reduce disease burden. This integrative, evidence based approach complements conventional therapy and addresses environmental risk factors, paving the way for holistic CKD management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50729.07.2026

Physical Sciences and Engineering

Geotechnical characterization of lateritic soils for road construction in guinea: case study of dabola

Diaka Sidibé, Mohamed Fofana and Ahmed Amara Konaté

ABSTRACT:
The rapid deterioration of roads across the Republic of Guinea has become a major concern, as their service life remains relatively short. In this work, the focus is placed on the road network of the town of Dabola, where the road infrastructure is in very poor condition. The subgrade soils at the study site, developed on the lateritic weathering crust, exhibit a low-plasticity clay behavior according to the Casagrande classification. To propose effective improvement solutions, laboratory tests were conducted, including particle size analysis, Atterberg limit determination, standard and modified Proctor compaction tests, and the CBR immersion test. The results show that the soil is a slightly clayey gravelly sand, classified as Class B, subclass B2S according to the GTR. The deformation modulus obtained (120 MPa) places the platform in category PF3 (very slightly deformable), so no subgrade removal is required. However, the CBR value obtained at 95 % of the modified Proctor optimum (CBR = 24) remains below the threshold required for direct use as a subbase layer (CBR = 30), whereas at 98 % of the optimum the CBR (38) satisfies this requirement. Based on the measured plasticity index, chemical treatment with lime and/or cement is recommended to bring the material’s bearing capacity up to the level required for the base and subbase layers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50775.07.2026
Building a sustainable city: between urban governance and popular misconduct

SIGUÉ Moubassiré

ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this article is to examine the implications of internalized social practices for sustainable urban development. The theoretical framework is grounded in the sociology of public action, which highlights the shared responsibility of all institutional and societal actors in building a sustainable city. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data, the results reveal that popular habitus contrasts with urban norms and regulations. The identified acts of incivility or “deviant” practices relate to issues of urban squalor, changes in land use, the failure to obtain building or demolition permits in the city, and the resulting social consequences. The same applies to instances of unauthorized closures of public roads for joyful or tragic events—all of which undermine the legitimacy of urban governance. Overall, insights drawn from the empirical data—which may have implications for urban policy—were considered, so that the concept of a sustainable city does not remain merely a curious concept for African cities.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50772.07.2026
Physiological and biochemical responses of three lowland rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties to iron toxicity under semi-controlled conditions

Yaya Touré, Idrissa Coulibaly, Brahima André Soumahoro, Arthur Martin Affery, Tchoa Koné and Mongomaké Koné

ABSTRACT:
Iron toxicity is one of the major abiotic constraints limiting rice production in tropical hydromorphic lowland soils. Excessive accumulation of ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) induces oxidative stress, leading to physiological and biochemical disturbances that ultimately reduce plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of three lowland rice varieties (DANANE, NERICA L19, and WITA 9) in order to identify genotypes with superior tolerance to iron toxicity. The experiment was conducted under semi-controlled conditions using a randomized complete block design with three replications in a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement. The rice varieties were exposed to five Fe²⁺ concentrations (Control, 150, 300, 600, and 900 ppm). Chlorophyll contents, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase), stress tolerance indices (STIs), and the chlorophyll stability index (CSI) were determined. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). Increasing Fe²⁺ concentrations resulted in a progressive decline in chlorophyll contents and CSI, whereas antioxidant enzyme responses varied according to genotype and stress intensity. NERICA L19 exhibited the highest total chlorophyll content (1.50 mg g⁻¹ FW), the highest CSI value (58.53), and the highest STIPOD and STIAPX values under 900 ppm Fe²⁺. DANANE showed an intermediate response, whereas WITA 9 was the most susceptible variety. Multivariate analyses confirmed the varietal differences and clearly discriminated treatments according to Fe²⁺ concentrations. Overall, the results indicate that NERICA L19 possesses superior adaptive capacity to iron toxicity and represents a promising genotype for breeding programs aimed at improving iron toxicity tolerance in rice.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50757.07.2026
Acceptability of meat dried in solar dryers in north-central Burkina Faso

Fanta BARRY, Dénis OUEDRAOGO, Haoua BELEM, Abigaël Wendinda KABORE and Moussa ZONGO

ABSTRACT:
This study aims to analyze the determinants of the acceptability of solar meat drying in the municipalities of Kaya and Kongoussi in the North-Central region of Burkina Faso, an area with high livestock potential. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches, through five focus groups and the administration of individual survey forms to 138 actors in the meat sector (processors, butchers, restaurateurs, and grillers). A logit model was used to identify the determinants of the acceptability of meat dried in solar dryers. The results indicate that the tested technology was well received by respondents. They also reveal that factors such as gender, level of education, and prior knowledge of the technology have a positive influence on its acceptability. However, the high cost of the dryer remains the main barrier to its acceptability. It is essential to strengthen awareness-raising activities on the usefulness of the technology. The price of the solar dryer should also be subsidized for certain social groups, such as women’s associations working in agri-food processing.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50751.07.2026
Résilience climatique des ménages ruraux pour le renforcement de la sécurité alimentaire dans la région de zinder: cas du département de mirriah

JAMILOU SALISSOU Ibrahim, KARIMOU LAOUALI Idi, IBRAHIM DOKA Dahiratou, Abdallah SAMBA, ATTA Sanoussi, MAMAMOU Adam and Moussa BARAGE

ABSTRACT:
Au cours de la dernière décennie, le Niger a été marqué par trois chocs majeurs ayant entrainés la baisse de production agricole. L'objectif global de cette étude est de contribuer à la lutte contre l’insécurité alimentaire et les effets néfastes des changements climatiques. La méthodologie a consisté essentiellement en des enquêtes réalisées au moyen d’un questionnaire administré à un échantillon de 200 chefs de ménages ruraux dans le département de Mirriah (Niger). Tous les neuf villages enquêtés ont fait l’objet de focus groups à travers un guide d’entretien. Des analyses descriptives ont été effectuées pour le traitement des données. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l’accès à l’alimentation est faible chez 80% des ménages et 40% sont en insécurité alimentaire. Le régime alimentaire est peu diversifié avec un taux de 80%. L’agriculture reste activité principale des populations, mais ne couvre que les besoins de trois mois pour la consommation annuelle. La main d'œuvre temporaire est le premier recours des ménages pour faire face à leurs besoins alimentaires pour le reste de l’année. Cette situation maintient les paysans dans une précarité alimentaire récurrente, malgré les stratégies d’adaptation notamment, la vente du bétail, l’exode et la diminution du nombre de repas par jour. En outre, l’Etat et ses partenaires participent au renforcement de la résilience des ménages vulnérables principalement à travers des opérations de gestion durables des terres, l’abandon des variétés à cycle long au profit des variétés améliorées à cycle court. A l’issue de cette étude, il est recommandé aux autorités politiques et partenaires au développement de promouvoir les filets sociaux et les ressources nécessaires qui permettront de traiter de manière durable les causes structurelles de l’insécurité alimentaire.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.49934.07.2026

Health Sciences

Morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anatomical studies

Marcelo Lucas de Lima Prado, Vitória Sobral Machado, Esther Andrade de Sá, Yasmin Souza Gifoni, Maria Clara Sobral de Gois Rosa Dias, Iapunira Catarina Sant'Anna Aragão, Felipe Matheus Sant'Anna Aragão, Francisco Prado Reis and José Aderval Aragão

ABSTRACT:
This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize available data on the morphology and morphometry of the foramen magnum (FM), identifying population and sexual patterns. Conducted in accordance with PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines, the study included observational research providing FM morphological and morphometric data from cadaveric dissection or imaging in human populations. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus yielded 562 records; after screening, 19 articles comprising 3,432 individuals from five continents were selected. Pooled analysis using random-effects models revealed overall adult mean values of 29.458 mm (transverse diameter), 35.217 mm (anteroposterior diameter), and 853.975 mm² (area). Males exhibited larger dimensions than females, though with considerable overlap. Morphological analysis demonstrated predominance of hexagonal (16.8%), pear-shaped (16.4%), and oval (15.8%) configurations. Significant heterogeneity (p<0.01) was identified across studies, reflecting methodological and population differences. Findings indicate that while FM dimensions show relative consistency, significant population and sex-related variations exist, precluding universal anatomical standards. The morphological expression did not differ substantially between sexes. This study reinforces the FM's relevance in clinical, surgical, and forensic contexts, particularly for craniocervical approach planning and pathological understanding. Methodological heterogeneity and regional variability necessitate population-specific databases for accurate diagnostic and identification procedures, highlighting the need for standardized future research with diverse population samples. Mini-abstract This meta-analysis synthesizes foramen magnum morphometric data from 3,432 individuals across five continents, revealing population-specific dimensions and predominance of hexagonal, oval, and pear-shaped configurations

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50779.07.2026
Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: The myokinome, interorgan crosstalk, and pathophysiological implications a comprehensive review

Uma Sankar Akula, Maria Garcia, Mojgan Sharifi and Nagadharshan Devendra

ABSTRACT:
Background: Skeletal muscle is now firmly established as the largest secretory organ in the human body. Far from serving merely locomotor and metabolic fuel-consuming roles, contracting muscle elaborates a diverse repertoire of bioactive peptides, proteins, and metabolites—collectively termed myokines or, more broadly, exerkines—that regulate the function of virtually every major organ system. Understanding this secretome has transformed our conception of physical activity from a mechanical intervention to a bona fide endocrine stimulus.This review synthesizes current biochemical, molecular, and translational evidence regarding the identity, regulation, and systemic actions of skeletal muscle-derived secretory factors. We examine the intracellular signaling cascades—including AMPK, PGC-1α isoforms, CaMKII, and JAK/STAT3 pathways—that govern myokine transcription and release, and detail interorgan crosstalk axes spanning the muscle–liver, muscle–adipose, muscle–bone, muscle–brain, and muscle–immune interfaces. We further discuss how myokine dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease, and malignancy, and evaluate the emerging therapeutic landscape of myokine mimetics and exercise pharmacology.Themyokinome constitutes a biochemically coherent endocrine network that mechanistically links physical activity to systemic health outcomes. Decoding this network offers a rational foundation for exercise prescription as targeted endocrine therapy and for the development of myokine-based pharmacologics in cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, and oncological disease.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50740.07.2026
Repeated end otracheal tube cuff rupture during nasal intubation in a patient with restricted mouth opening: a case report

Sivakumar Elangovan Sarathkumar, B. and Sugumar, M. and Arvind Bhalekar

ABSTRACT:
Nasotracheal intubation is frequently required in oral and maxillofacial oncosurgery when trismus precludes conventional oral laryngoscopy. Although generally regarded as a safe route, the nasal cavity can harborunrecognized anatomical variants — most notably a bony nasal spur or septal deviation — capable of lacerating the endotracheal tube cuff during passage, leading to a persistent air leak and repeated failed intubation attempts. We report a 40-year-old male with carcinoma of the right buccal mucosa and a mouth opening of one fingerbreadth, posted for wide local excision with modified radical neck dissection and pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap cover, who underwent awake retrograde nasotracheal intubation. Two consecutive endotracheal tubes developed cuff leaks during nasal passage on the left side. Imaging obtained for surgical staging subsequently revealed a left-sided bony nasal spur with contralateral turbinate hypertrophy. Following failure of a further attempt through the right nostril, the patient ultimately required tracheostomy. This case highlights nasal spur as an important and often occult cause of recurrent cuff rupture during nasal intubation, and underscores the value of proactively reviewing available imaging, or performing simple clinical screening of nasal patency, before committing to a nostril in patients requiring nasal airway access.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50734.07.2026
Assessment of knowledge and attitude of patients on hemodialysis toward prevention of central venous catheters associated blood stream infections, during ongoing sudan war: a cross sectional study.

Mustafa Yasseen; Maha Alharith; Mawaahib Abdallah; Mawada Mohammed; Wamda Hammad; Nafisa Elrayah and Hoyam Alsiddeg

ABSTRACT:
Background: Central venous Catheter (CVC) associated bloodstream infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. Improving patient knowledge and attitudes is crucial for prevention. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of patients receiving hemodialysis toward prevention of central venous catheter associated blood stream infections during the ongoing war in Sudan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study, conducted at Ad Doueim Dialysis Centre, White Nile State, Sudan, from January to April 2026, during the ongoing war period. Data were collected from patients using a pre-tested structured questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge of signs/symptoms of catheter infection, and attitudes toward catheter care. Results: The study included a total of 70 patients undergoing hemodialysis. 37.1%( n=26) were aged above 50 years, males constituted 65.7% (n=46). 74.3% (n=52) from rural areas. 65.7% (n=46) of low educational level. 64.3% (n=45) had a previous history of a central venous catheter (CVC) related bloodstream infection. 64.3% (n=45) were using temporary catheters.35.7% (n=25) were using long term tunneled catheters. 81.4% (n=57) demonstrated awareness of the importance of hand hygiene. 20% (n=14) were able to correctly identify local signs of infection such as redness, pain, or purulent discharge. Statistically significant associations were identified between knowledge level and infection rate (P value = 0.01), educational level and level of awareness (p value=0.03), as well as duration of hemodialysis and occurrence of infection (p value = 0.02). Conclusion: The study highlights substantial gaps in patient knowledge and preventive practices regarding central venous line associated blood stream infections. Low educational level, inadequate health education, and prolonged catheter use were associated with increased infection risk. Structured educational interventions and continuous patient awareness programs are strongly recommended to improve catheter care and reduce infections among hemodialysis patients.Strict infection control measures and proper catheter care practices should be reinforced by healthcare providers. Early reporting of infection symptoms should be encouraged, and adequate educational and infection prevention resources should be ensured in dialysis centres.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50733.07.2026
Impact of asymmetrical footon navicular drop height, body mass index, genderas risk factor for lower limb injury among amateur athlete and non-athlete medicos -validation using staheli index

Miss. Sanjana, G., Miss. Tejashwini, S.J.M., Dr. Athul Antony Simon, Miss Harshini Karthik and Dr. Sangeeta, M.

ABSTRACT:
Background: The medial longitudinal arch plays a crucial role in foot biomechanics, shock absorption, and energy transfer during locomotion, and variations in foot posture may influence lower limb injury risk and athletic performance.1,3,5 Foot asymmetry has also been linked to altered functional performance and muscle fatigue, emphasizing its clinical relevance. 4,7 The Navicular Drop Test (NDT) and Staheli Arch Index (SAI) are practical, reliable, and cost-effective methods for assessing foot posture asymmetry and arch characteristics.2,6,9 Aim and Objectives: To evaluate foot posture asymmetry and arch characteristics in amateur athletes and non-athletes using NDT and SAI, and to examine their association with BMI, gender, and injury occurrence. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 48 MBBS students aged 17–25 years, equally divided into sports (n=24) and non-sports (n=24) groups, with equal representation of males and females. Demographic details, BMI, physical activity status, and injury history were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Foot posture was assessed bilaterally using the NDT (card test method) and SAI (India ink footprint method), with measurements obtained using a digital vernier calliper. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics with chi-square and Fisher–Freeman–Halton exact tests to determine associations. Results: BMI showed a significant association with physical activity status (χ² = 6.76, p = 0.034), with sports participants demonstrating healthier BMI profiles. However, no significant associations were found between injury occurrence and physical activity, NDT, or SAI classifications. Conclusion: Static foot posture measures alone may have limited value in predicting injury risk. These findings support existing evidence that lower limb injuries are multifactorial and should be evaluated using broader functional and biomechanical screening approaches.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50700.07.2026

Social Sciences and Humanities

The intertwined epidemic: a comprehensive review of mental health and physical health multimorbidity

Ahmed Alanazi

ABSTRACT:
The historical separation of mental and physical health within medical paradigms has obscured a fundamental reality: these domains are deeply and bidirectionally interconnected. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the evidence base demonstrating that mental health cannot be understood in isolation from physical health, drawing on a vast and growing literature that documents the prevalence, mechanisms, and consequences of this comorbidity. The researcher examines the epidemiological evidence for the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders with endocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and nutritional conditions, revealing that such multimorbidity is the rule rather than the exception. The review explores the biological pathways, including chronic inflammation, neuroendocrine dysregulation, and metabolic disturbances, that underpin this interconnection. It also considers the psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants that compound vulnerability and perpetuate cycles of disadvantage. The researcher synthesizes evidence on the clinical implications of this interconnection, demonstrating that individuals with concurrent mental and physical health conditions experience poorer treatment outcomes, higher mortality, and significantly diminished quality of life. The paper argues for an urgent paradigm shift towards integrated, multidisciplinary models of care that address the whole person. By critically appraising the evidence and identifying gaps in current knowledge, this review provides a foundation for future research, clinical practice, and policy that acknowledges the indivisibility of mental and physical health.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50727.07.2026
Development of an arduino smart cane for detection of fixed and mobile obstacles with tactile and auditory alerts

Mahamat Charfadine Nimane, Khadidje Ousmane Kossi and Bachar Salim Haggar

ABSTRACT:
The mobility of visually impaired individuals has traditionally relied on the white cane, a reliable yet limited tool. Recent advances in electronics and artificial intelligence have enabled the development of smart canes integrating ultrasonic sensors, haptic feedback, GPS, and mobile applications, improving obstacle detection, safety, and autonomy. In this context, we propose a smart cane combining a multi-directional sensor, adjustable haptic feedback, and a simplified mobile interface. Our device offers a balance between detection accuracy, portability, and ease of use, enhancing user confidence and independence. Future development prospects include the integration of additional sensors, machine learning for object recognition, energy optimization, and longitudinal studies to evaluate the impact on quality of life.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50716.07.2026
Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação dos questionários speech handicap index (shi) e dysphagia handicap index (dhi) para o português do Brasil

Douglas Henrique Barbosa de Souza, Otávio Corrêa Pinho, Marcelo Fernandes da Costa, Aline Patricia Brietzke, Davi Donadel, Alice K Silbergleit, Rico N Rinkel and Elisabete Carrara-de Angelis

ABSTRACT:
Alterações de fala e deglutição são frequentes em pacientes tratados por câncer de cabeça e pescoço e podem comprometer significativamente a qualidade de vida. O Speech Handicap Index (SHI) e o Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) são instrumentos específicos desenvolvidos para avaliar o impacto dessas alterações, porém não existiam versões validadas para o português do Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar os questionários SHI e DHI para o português brasileiro. Participaram 80 pacientes tratados por câncer de cabeça e pescoço e 105 indivíduos controle sem queixas de fala ou deglutição. A tradução e adaptação cultural seguiram diretrizes internacionais. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio da consistência interna, estimada pelo alfa de Cronbach, e da reprodutibilidade teste-reteste, por meio do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. A validade foi investigada por meio de correlações entre os escores do DHI e o questionário SWAL-QOL e entre os escores do SHI e o SF-36. O DHI apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,91 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,89, enquanto o SHI apresentou alfa de Cronbach de 0,95 e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de 0,94, indicando elevada confiabilidade. Foram observadas correlações significativas entre os escores dos questionários e os instrumentos de qualidade de vida utilizados. Os pacientes apresentaram escores significativamente maiores que os controles em todos os domínios (p < 0,001), demonstrando adequada capacidade discriminativa. As versões brasileiras do SHI e do DHI apresentaram propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias, mostrando-se instrumentos válidos e confiáveis para avaliação do impacto das alterações de fala e deglutição na qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50710.07.2026