Table of Contents: Volume 17; Issue 05; May 2025

Bioactive dental materials are increasingly utilized in restorative dentistry because they interact beneficially with biological tissues. These materials, including bioceramics, calcium phosphates, and bioactive glasses, exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the ability to promote tissue regeneration. The FDI Policy Statement emphasizes that bioactive materials should have local, intended, and non-toxic effects without compromising their primary function of dental tissue replacement. Recent systematic reviews and studies have explored the bioactivity of various restorative materials, including resin composites and resin cements, which often incorporate additives like bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite. These materials can induce hydroxyapatite formation, release therapeutic ions, and promote remineralization at the dentin-material interface. Calcium silicate-based materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine, are particularly noted for their use in endodontics and pulp therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. These materials can set in moist environments and promote dentin bridge formation, making them suitable for vital pulp therapy and root-end fillings. Despite their advantages, the mechanical properties of bioactive materials can be a concern, and their clinical benefits are still being evaluated, particularly for resin-based composites. Ongoing research aims to optimize these materials' physical and mechanical properties to enhance their clinical performance and longevity. Bioactive dental materials significantly advance restorative dentistry, offering potential benefits in tissue regeneration and caries prevention. However, further clinical studies are needed to establish their long-term effectiveness and fully establish guidelines for their use.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a deciduous shrub from the Lythraceae family, is native to Central Asia, notably the Middle East, Iran, Turkmenistan, and northern India. While its fruit is widely consumed and valued for its health benefits, recent studies have explored the medicinal potential of its leaves. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of methanolic extracts of pomegranate leaves. The leaves were collected from Kundrathur, Chennai, shade-dried, powdered, and extracted using methanol. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and glycosides, identified using standard qualitative tests. These bioactive compounds contribute to various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, neuroprotective, and wound-healing activities. Additionally, pomegranate leaf extract has shown specific therapeutic potential in conditions like conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and skin infections due to its astringent, antimicrobial, and healing effects. Toxicity studies suggest that the extract is safe for use in animal models, further supporting its application in health formulations. Emerging uses of pomegranate leaf extract include its incorporation in herbal teas, liver detox supplements, and eco-friendly botanical pesticides. These applications reflect its growing relevance in both medical and agricultural fields. Overall, the study highlights Punica granatum leaves as a promising source of natural compounds with multifaceted therapeutic properties and excellent safety profiles. The findings support the continued exploration of pomegranate leaves in traditional and modern medicine, nutraceuticals, and sustainable product development. In conclusion, pomegranate leaves are a rich source of natural medicine. With further research, they may be widely used in health supplements, skincare, and even in farming as a natural alternative to chemicals. This study supports the growing interest in using plant-based remedies for health and environmental benefits.

Background: The rate of Caesarean section (CS) has been on the increase in the recent years. Previous caesarean section is a major indication for a repeat caesarean section. The consequences associated with repeat caesarean sections have brought about the need to adopt vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC) as the preferred mode of delivery in one previous scarred uterus. Aims and Objectives: To determine the pregnancy outcome and complications of vaginal birth after caesarean section at the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of women with one previous caesarean section who presented at the labour ward of the Enugu state University Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Data was obtained from the case notes, labour ward registers, and theatre registers, encoded into a spreadsheet, and analysed using SPSS 25.0. The results were presented as frequency and percentages. Results: During the study period, there were 7852 deliveries and 100 planned VBAC. Forty-eight (48%) pregnant women had successful VBAC while 52% had a repeat emergency CS. Successful VBAC in primipara was 15(31.3%) compared to 33(68.7%) in multipara. Repeat CS rate was 23(44.2%) in primipara compared to 29(55.8%) in multipara. A previous vaginal delivery especially a prior vaginal delivery before CS was associated with a higher proportion of successful VBAC 27(56.3%) compared to successful VBAC rate of 14(29.2%) in women who had a vaginal delivery after a previous CS but lowest 7(14.5%) in those women with no previous vaginal delivery. The commonest indication for repeat emergency CS was poor progress in labour due to cephalopelvic disproportion 30(58%), followed by suspected foetal distress 16(32%). The highest 35(72.9%) successful VBAC was seen in babies that weigh between 2.5 to 3.5 kg. Conclusion: Trial of labour after a CS can result in an excellent outcome in a well-selected patient. The success rate of 48% in our study is encouraging. However, sufficient intrapartum feto-maternal monitoring is recommended to reduce foetal and maternal complications.

Background: Trigeminal schwannoma is benign tumor arising from the Schwann cells of the trigeminal nerve1. While their clinical presentation typically involves trigeminal nerve dysfunction2, extensive involvement leading to multiple cranial nerve palsies is a less common occurrence, particularly as the initial presenting feature3. We report a rare case of a 47-year-old female presented with history of right-sided ptosis, headache, and earache since 4-months. Imaging studies revealed a large trigeminal schwannoma (40x34x22 mm) extending into the posterior cranial fossa and cavernous sinus, resulting in compression of multiple cranial nerves. This case highlights the atypical and potentially misleading initial symptoms of a large trigeminal schwannoma and emphasizes the importance of considering intracranial lesions in patients with seemingly isolated cranial nerve deficits. We discuss the clinical presentation and diagnostic findings in such rare and complex cases, along with a review of relevant literature.

This study examines the legal protection afforded to banks as creditors when intellectual property, such as writings or artworks, is used as fiducial guarantee for debt repayment. Employing a normative approach and library research, this research analyzes the bank's role as creditor within Fiducal Guarantee using Intellectual Property. The findings highlight the limitations of the bank's role in utilizing intellectual property as guarantee, and provide insights into the legal protections available to banks in such transactions. This research contributes to the understanding of the intersection of intellectual property law and banking regulations, with implications for banks, creditors, and debtors. This research gave birth of two conclusions, which are highlighting the legal mechanism in dealing Debtor defaulting on the payment of his credit debt repayment obligations, the Bank sees two things, namely; (a) a cooperative and voluntary attitude that allows for the implementation of parate execution without court intervention, and (b) the Debtor's uncooperative attitude which requires the Creditor to take legal action through the District Court in order to obtain a permanent comdemnatoir decision for the implementation of execution.

Children having more curiosity and desire to taste and manipulate objects and toys, in most of the cases drowning occurs in fresh water and exposure to any thermal, chemical or radiation sources termed as burn.Paediatric emergencies an evaluative study was conducted 60 3rdB.ScNursing students at selected nursing college, Dharwad district. Probability; simple random sampling technique was used to select the sample and was collected by structured knowledge questionnaire. The research design used for the study quasi-experimental: single group pre-test post-test design. Data analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Overall result of the study revealed that the level of knowledge on specific paediatric emergencies. Pre-test revealed that 32 (53%) had average knowledge, 20 (33.33%) had good knowledge and 8 (13.33%) had poor knowledge. Whereas, in post-test after structured teaching programme, 23 (46%) had good knowledge and 37 (54%) had average knowledge. The calculated paired ‘t’ value (tcal=20.9) was greater than tabulated value (ttab=2.0096). Hence, H1 accepted. This indicates that the gain in knowledge score statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. There was no statistical association between knowledge scores and their selected socio-demographic variables at 0.05 level of significance. The study concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding specific paediatric emergencies.

Introduction: Extraoral sinus tracts of endodontic origin are often clinically mistaken for a variety of other conditions. A misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment, resulting in treatment failure or delayed healing. Case Presentation: This report details the clinical management of two cases involving mandibular first molars presenting with extraoral sinus tracts and purulent discharge—one associated with an open apex and the other with a closed apex. Each case was treated with a specific disinfecting protocol and individualized treatment plan altered to the condition of the root apex. Both patients were followed for one year, and showed resolving of sinus. Conclusion: Managing extraoral sinus tracts in paediatric patients poses unique challenges. However, accurate diagnosis and a well-structured treatment plan are essential to ensure effective resolution and rapid healing, as demonstrated in both cases.

Background: Newborn jaundice is frequent and typically not harmful. In neonatal hospitals and postnatal wards phototherapy is commonly employed as the initial course of treatment for newborn jaundice because it is non-invasive and has a low risk of long-term side effects, it is currently the recommended course of treatment for newborn hyperbilirubinemia. Although it has some side effects like skin rash, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, hyperthermia, circadian rhythm dysfunction, and bronze baby syndrome. Aim: The study was conducted to know how phototherapy is effective in neonatal jaundice and to determine the side effects of phototherapy in neonates. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study that was performed through a data collection form for 9 months. The data collected include neonates' demographic details, bilirubin levels, side effects, and recovery rate. Results: The study was performed on 900 neonates in different hospitals. From this data 549 neonates are females while 351 are male neonates. Among them, 77% are normal weight while 18% and 5% are underweight and overweight respectively. Among 900 neonates 554 are with phototherapy and 346 are without phototherapy. In this 539 are recovered 15 are not recovered and neonates experienced rashes of 426 while 346, 447 experienced dehydration and skin color changes respectively. Conclusion: According to our study, we suggest that sun exposure is a natural remedy for newborn jaundice. Patients with hyperbilirubinemia require phototherapy for a minimum of 12 to 24 hours. The overall amount of bilirubin determines how long phototherapy will last.

This study aims to determine the influence of the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model on students' critical thinking skills in elementary social studies learning. The researcher used a quasi-experimental method. The population of this study is grade V students of SDI Watu Benta. The technique of taking research subjects uses purposive sampling, where research subjects are assigned to two classes that have relatively equivalent average values. One class is an experimental class and the other is a control class. The research instrument is in the form of an essay test to test critical thinking skills. The statistical analysis used is the t-test. The results of the study show that there is an influence of the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model on students' critical thinking skills in social studies learning. This is evidenced by the post-test scores of students who applied the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model that were superior to the scores of students who used conventional learning. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future researchers in testing the influence of the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model at the level of education, location, and other materials.