Table of Contents: Volume 18; Issue 02; February, 2026

Life Sciences

Perceived stress and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students: a cross-sectional study

Mr. Puneeth, P. and Renukadevi, D.N.

ABSTRACT:
Background: Nursing education is inherently stressful due to academic demands and intensive clinical exposure. In recent years, revised curricula and increased patient acuity have further intensified stress among undergraduate nursing students. Aim: To assess perceived stress levels, identify major stressors, and determine coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 undergraduate nursing students using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Brief-COPE inventory. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of students (72%) reported moderate stress, while 16% experienced high stress levels. Clinical requirements were identified as the primary stressor (Mean score = 3.8/5). Adaptive coping strategies such as active planning and peer support were adopted by 80% of students, whereas 20% relied on maladaptive coping methods including avoidance and excessive screen use.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50134.02.2026
Extraction, phytochemical screening and anti‑arthritic potential of garuga pinnata extract

Mithilesh Kumar, B. K Dubey, Bhushan Korde, Deepak Basedia, Sandra Gautam and Sunil Kumar Shah

ABSTRACT:
The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and anti-arthritic potential of the ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata. The plant material was subjected to ethanolic extraction, and the percentage yield of the extract was determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the presence of various bioactive constituents. Quantitative estimation of total phenolic and total flavonoid content was also performed using standard methods. The anti-arthritic activity of the ethanolic extract was assessed using Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats, with aspirin used as the standard reference drug. The ethanolic extract showed a percentage yield of 9.78% w/w and was found to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, carbohydrates, and saponins. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 0.78 mg GAE/100 mg and 0.93 mg QE/100 mg, respectively. In the in vivo study, the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced paw edema in a dose-dependent manner, with the higher dose showing comparable activity to aspirin. The findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of Garuga pinnata possesses significant anti-arthritic activity, which may be attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds, supporting its traditional use in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50130.02.2026
Stability indicating lc-ms/ms methods for direct acting antivirals used in hepatitis c therapy: a comprehensive review

Aditi Dhananjaybhai Raval and Dr. Pareshkumar Narayan Bhai Patel

ABSTRACT:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection continues to pose a significant global health burden, often leading to chronic liver diseases if inadequately treated. The introduction of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) such as Ledipasvir, Sofosbuvir, and Voxilaprevir has markedly improved therapeutic outcomes. With the growing clinical use of fixed dose combinations, the need for sensitive and stability indicating analytical methods has become increasingly important. This review critically evaluates reported analytical methods for the estimation of HCV DAAs, with a particular emphasis on stability indicating liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches. A comprehensive literature survey of peer reviewed articles and regulatory guidelines published between 2014 and 2023 was conducted. Reported UV, HPLC, and LC-MS/MS methods were systematically analyzed with respect to sensitivity, specificity, stability indicating capability, and regulatory compliance as per ICH guidelines. Conventional UV and HPLC methods were found to be suitable mainly for routine quality control but exhibited limited capability for degradation product detection. In contrast, LC-MS/MS methods demonstrated superior sensitivity, selectivity, and applicability for multi drug analysis and forced degradation studies. However, only a limited number of reports addressed comprehensive stability indicating analysis of all three DAAs within a single method. LC-MS/MS represents a robust and regulatory preferred analytical platform for the stability indicating evaluation of HCV DAAs. Further research focusing on comprehensive multi drug stability studies is warranted to support quality control and regulatory submissions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50119.02.2026
Regulatory perspectives and digital integration in diabetes management: advancing personalized medical devices and insulin therapies in the era of industry 5.0

Sudhir Kaushik, Ashutosh Upadhayay, Mohd Isfaq, Priyanka Kuewmari and Chander Pal

ABSTRACT:
The integration of medical devices and digital technologies has transformed diabetes management, enabling precision-based insulin delivery and continuous metabolic monitoring. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of recent advances in diabetes-focused medical devices, regulatory frameworks, and digital convergence within the paradigm of Industry 5.0. The discussion encompasses the pathophysiological basis of diabetes mellitus, emphasizing how glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance inform device design and algorithmic control strategies. Contemporary devices—such as continuous glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and closed-loop artificial pancreas systems—are critically evaluated alongside smart insulin pens and implantable sensors. Global regulatory perspectives from the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO, India) are examined with respect to device classification, premarket evaluation, and post-market surveillance. The paper also highlights emerging digital health frameworks, AI-based decision support, interoperability standards, and cybersecurity considerations that underpin human-centric, data-driven care in the Industry 5.0 era. Ethical, legal, and socioeconomic challenges surrounding data privacy and equitable access are discussed. Finally, key future perspectives are outlined to guide innovation, regulatory harmonization, and the sustainable deployment of smart diabetes devices. This synthesis aims to bridge technological advancement with patient-centered regulatory science to advance personalized and safe diabetes management worldwide.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.49950.02.2026
Comparative study of organophosphate pesticide (methyl parathion) effects on protein profile in brain tissue of heteropneustes fossilis and channa punctatus

Bheem Rao, T. and Anil Kumar, V.

ABSTRACT:
The present study focuses on the comparative evaluation of protein profile responses in the brain tissue of Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctatus exposed to the organophosphate pesticide, methyl parathion. Specimens of both species were collected from local ponds located approximately 15 km away from Kakatiya University, Warangal. The protein profiles of brain tissues from control and pesticide-exposed fish were analyzed using the SDS-PAGE technique. In control conditions, the brain tissues of both H. fossilis and C. punctatus exhibited eight distinct protein bands. However, exposure to methyl parathion induced noticeable alterations in these protein bands, including changes in band intensity and the appearance of new or antagonistic protein bands, which varied between the two fish species.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.49754.02.2026

Physical Sciences and Engineering

Utilization of metal oxide nanomaterials in field-coupled photocatalytic nanotechnology for pollutant degradation

Arun Kumar and Dr. Surendra Kumar

ABSTRACT:
Photocatalytic nanomaterials such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) have been extensively studied for environmental remediation; however, most investigations remain rooted in chemical reaction engineering rather than fundamental physics. This work explores a field-coupled nanophysical framework for catalytic pollutant degradation, in which photocatalysis is treated as a non-equilibrium, multi-field interaction problem involving electromagnetic excitation, charge-carrier dynamics, lattice polarization, and surface quantum states. We propose a new concept termed Field-Coupled Catalytic Dynamics (FCCD), in which external and intrinsic physical fields, optical, electric, strain-induced, and thermal, cooperatively govern catalytic efficiency. Using TiO₂-based nanostructures as a model system, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that pollutant degradation rates are not solely governed by bandgap excitation, but by spatiotemporal charge localization and field-mediated energy transfer at the nanoscale. This approach gives a universal framework for designing next-generation catalytic nanomaterials beyond conventional photocatalysis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50181.02.2026
Utilization of metal oxide nanomaterials in field-coupled photocatalytic nanotechnology for pollutant degradation

Arun Kumar and Dr. Surendra Kumar

ABSTRACT:
Photocatalytic nanomaterials such as Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) have been extensively studied for environmental remediation; however, most investigations remain rooted in chemical reaction engineering rather than fundamental physics. This work explores a field-coupled nanophysical framework for catalytic pollutant degradation, in which photocatalysis is treated as a non-equilibrium, multi-field interaction problem involving electromagnetic excitation, charge-carrier dynamics, lattice polarization, and surface quantum states. We propose a new concept termed Field-Coupled Catalytic Dynamics (FCCD), in which external and intrinsic physical fields, optical, electric, strain-induced, and thermal, cooperatively govern catalytic efficiency. Using TiO₂-based nanostructures as a model system, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that pollutant degradation rates are not solely governed by bandgap excitation, but by spatiotemporal charge localization and field-mediated energy transfer at the nanoscale. This approach gives a universal framework for designing next-generation catalytic nanomaterials beyond conventional photocatalysis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50181.02.2026
Entropy-controlled synthesis and design methodologies for sustainable nanomaterials

Praveen Kumar Kamti and Prof. Arun Kumar Singh

ABSTRACT:
The quick development of nanomaterials in industrial, biomedical, environmental, and energy technologies has raised major concerns about their long-term effects on the environment and biology. Strong bonding, high crystallinity, and kinetic stability, features that frequently correlate with persistence, bioaccumulation, and environmental toxicity, are given priority in conventional enthalpy-driven nanomaterial design strategies. In this work, we present Entropy-Driven Nanomaterial Design (EDND), a novel conceptual paradigm for the creation of environmentally friendly nanomaterialsunder functional constraints. Designing nanomaterials to optimize thermodynamic, structural, and informational entropy can naturally encourage degradability, adaptive disassembly, decreased bio-persistence, and decreased ecological risk. entropy-optimized material states, we create a cohesive theoretical framework that combines statistical mechanics, information theory, classical thermodynamics, and nanoscale chemistry. We present new descriptors like Free-Energy Dissipation Pathways (FEDPs), Configurational Degradability Index (CDI), and Entropic Environmental Compatibility (EEC).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50139.02.2026
On anew lagrangian mechanical systems on generalized–quaternionic Ka ̈hler manifolds

Gebreel Mohammed Khur Baba Gebreel , Eltayeb Awad Adam and Ibrahim Yousif Ibrahim Abad Alrhman

ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we study Lagrangian mechanical system on generalized-quaternionic ka ̈hler Manifolds by using vector field: Y=∑_(a=0)^3▒〖Y^(an+i) ∂/(∂x_(an+i) )〗 in a canonical local basis {G} of V. Finally, the geometrical – Physical results related to generalized-quaternionic ka ̈hler mechanical systems are also given .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50118.02.2026

Health Sciences

Comparative evaluation of different root canal irrigants on the mechanical properties of root dentin - an in vitro study

Dr. Sukanya Mahanta, Dr. Prof. Sathya Narayanan, K., Dr. RamLakhan Gupta and Dr. Simrutha, R.

ABSTRACT:
Different concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and Cetrimide have varied effects on the mechanical properties of endodontically treated teeth. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of root dentin after exposure to different endodontic irrigating solutions. Methods: This in-vitro study evaluated the effect of different irrigation regimens on the flexural strength and Knoop microhardness of root dentin. The sample size was estimated to be a total of 56 samples (40 samples for flexural strength and 16 samples for microhardness). For flexural strength, dentin beams (12×2×1mm) were obtained from roots and randomly divided into five groups based on the irrigation regimen: Group I: 5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, Group II: 5% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 0.2% Cetrimide, Group III: 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA. Group IV: 3% NaOCl + 17% EDTA + 0.2% Cetrimide, Group V (Control): Normal saline. Flexural strength was measured using a three-point bending test on a universal testing machine. while root dentin discs were tested for Knoop microhardness before and after irrigation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 26.0). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test, after confirming normal distribution. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Flexural strength testing showed that Group 2 had the greatest reduction in strength, which was significantly lower than the control (p < 0.05), though not significantly different from other experimental groups. Groups 3 and 4 showed moderate, non-significant reductions. For microhardness, all experimental groups showed a decrease in Knoop values post-irrigation, but no statistically significant differences were found among them. Conclusion: High-concentration NaOCl with cetrimide significantly reduced dentin flexural strength, while microhardness changes were minimal; lower NaOCl levels caused less structural weakening, indicating a safer irrigation approach. Cetrimide’s role as a surfactant improves penetration of irrigants but may amplify damage when used with strong oxidizers.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50188.02.2026
Multisystem multifocal langerhans cell histiocytosis in an adult presenting with classical triad: lytic bone lesions, exophthalmos, and diabetes insipidus - a rare case report

Dr. Hitesh Sharma, Dr. R L Meena, Dr. Shailendra Kumar Gupta, Dr. Rajveer Bunkar, Dr. Ravi Prakash Dadich, Dr. Ritu Meghwal and Dr. Dhupesh Manohar and Dr. Braj Raj Dagur

ABSTRACT:
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal disorder of antigen-presenting dendritic cells expressing CD1a, S-100, and Langerin (CD207). It may involve a single organ or multiple organ systems with variable severity. Adult-onset multisystem LCH is uncommon and easily misdiagnosed. We report a 28-year-old male presenting with the classical Hand-Schuller- Christian triad of osteolytic bone lesions, exophthalmos, and central diabetes insipidus . A skeletal survey and CT imaging revealed multifocal lytic lesions of skull, pelvis, and long bones with pulmonary and abdominal organ involvement. Histopathology confirmed LCH as CD1a+, S-100+ and Langerin(CD207) +. Management included systemic corticosteroids, vinblastine- based chemotherapy, and desmopressin, with counseling on smoking cessation and follow-up. This case underscores the need to recognize adult multisystem LCH to enable timely biopsy, risk stratification, and targeted therapy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50147.02.2026
Evaluating non-pharmacological interventions: the impact of chair aerobics vs. yogasana on primary dysmenorrhea and quality of life- an experimental study

Avani Pal

ABSTRACT:
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition among females of reproductive age and is often associated with significant physical discomfort, psychological distress, and reduced quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise-based therapies have gained importance due to their safety, accessibility, and holistic benefits. 42% of young females reported limitation in daily activities and 17% reported absenteeism. Despite its high prevalence many females do not seek medical advice and it is left untreated. Objective: The main purpose of this study is to find out- 1) To evaluate the effect of chair aerobics and yogasanas on pain in females with primary dysmenorrhea. 2) To evaluate the effect of chair aerobics and yogasanas on quality of life in females with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: A total sample size – 80 females diagnosed with Primary Dysmenorrhea with 18-25 years of age were selected and divided into two intervention groups.Group A received non-impactchair aerobics exercises, while Group B performed selected yogasanas. Both interventions were administered for a specified duration over consecutive menstrual cycles. Quality of life was assessed using a validated questionnaire before and after the intervention period. Outcome Measures: The data was analyzed by NPRS for pain and WaLIDD Questionnaire for severity of dysmenorrhea. Quality of life and pain-related outcomes were assessed using validated outcome measures including the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Pre- and post-intervention scores were statistically analyzed. Results: The study shows significant reductions in pain (39.9%) and WaLIDD 42.4% in Group- A & 48.4% in Group- B) scores and improvement in quality of Life (72.1%) (SF-36) Scores.Clinically significant improvements in quality-of-life domains including physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, and emotional well-being. Conclusion:The study provides compelling evidence that chair aerobics and yogasana are both effective non- pharmacological intervention for managing primary dysmenorrhea that improves quality of life.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50144.02.2026
Anaesthetic management of a parturient with takayasu arteritis for caesarean delivery: A case report

Dr. Soumya Ranjan Sahoo and Dr. Shreyasi Mallick

ABSTRACT:
We present the successful anaesthetic management of a 26-year-old primigravida with extensive Takayasu arteritis undergoing caesarean delivery. The patient had multiple arterial stents and significant left common carotid stenosis. Low-dose spinal anaesthesia combined with epidural volume expansion provided stable hemodynamics with minimal vasopressor support. This case demonstrates that individualized neuraxial techniques can effectively balance surgical anaesthesia requirements with hemodynamic stability in high-risk vascular disease patients during caesarean delivery.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50140.02.2026
Phytochemical study and evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of hydroethanolic extracts of plumbago zeylanica

Eyana TEYI, Yao HOEKOU, Passimna PISSANG, Koffi Eyram TSETSE, Labité Kpoti TOKOU and Tchadjobo TCHACONDO

ABSTRACT:
Plumbago zeylanica is an herbaceous plant used in traditional medicine to treat microbial and parasitic infections, swelling, arthritis, and certain types of tumors. However, scientific data validating the pharmacological properties of the species found in Togo remain limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf and root extracts of P. zeylanica. To this end, a phytochemical assay of flavonoids and total polyphenols, as well as a phytochemical analysis using DPPH and FRAP techniques, were performed on P. zeylanica extracts. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in rat paw edema induced by 1% formaldehyde. The phytochemical analysis revealed a significantly higher total polyphenol content in the root extract (41.68 mgEqAG/g) compared to the leaf extract (23.18 mgEqAG/g) (p<0.0001). In contrast, the flavonoid concentration was significantly lower in the leaf extract (31.18±0.37 mgEqQ/g) than in the root extract of P. zeylanica (62.36±1.02 mgEqQ/g) (p<0.0001). The results obtained demonstrated the strong antioxidant power of the extracts examined. The root extract of P. zeylanica caused a significant inhibition of edema in rats treated with 400 mg/kg body weight (bw) (p<0.001). These pharmacological effects are thought to be attributable to the chemical molecules present in the extracts, particularly the flavonoids and polyphenols present in the extracts examined. P. zeylanica is undoubtedly a medicinal plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but caution should be exercised when using it in traditional medicine to prevent harmful side effects in users.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50121.02.2026
Impact of psycho-neurobics on mental well-being of adolescents

Shristi Thapa

ABSTRACT:
Adolescence is a crucial phase of human development marked by rapid physical, emotional, and psychological changes. During this period, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and emotional imbalance, which can negatively affect their mental well-being. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to holistic and non-pharmacological approaches for promoting adolescent mental health. Psycho-neurobics is an emerging mind–body approach that integrates mental exercises, breathing techniques, relaxation, and meditative practices to enhance psychological functioning. This review article aims to examine existing literature on the impact of psycho-neurobics on the mental well-being of adolescents. The review highlights the conceptual basis of psycho-neurobics, its influence on emotional regulation, stress reduction, cognitive functioning, and overall psychological health. Evidence suggests that psycho-neurobics may serve as a beneficial complementary strategy for improving adolescent mental well-being; however, further rigorous research is required to establish its effectiveness and standardise intervention protocols.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50110.02.2026

Social Sciences and Humanities

Universality of education and cultural inclusivity in India

Gopal Singh

ABSTRACT:
This paper examines the principle of universality of education in India and the complementary imperative of cultural inclusivity. India’s constitutional commitments, statutory frameworks, and successive education policies aim to make education universal while protecting cultural and linguistic pluralism. This study synthesizes legal provisions (including the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education), major programmes (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan), and policy directions (National Education Policy 2020) to evaluate how universality has been pursued and where cultural inclusivity has been strengthened or weakened. Using policy analysis, recent literature, and illustrative programme examples, the paper identifies three persistent tensions: (1) achieving universal access while respecting cultural-linguistic diversity; (2) standardization for quality versus local adaptation; and (3) resource/equity constraints that disproportionately affect marginalized communities. The paper argues that intentional multilingual pedagogy, constitutional protections for minority institutions, community participation, and assessment reforms are essential to reconcile universality with cultural inclusivity. It concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening mother-tongue instruction, culturally responsive curricula, teacher training, and monitoring mechanisms to ensure education that is both universal and culturally respectful.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50112.02.2026
Going global via tiktok: an incubation strategy for huxiang’s intangible cultural heritage products

Yican Li, Jia Wang, Yuhua Deng, Sitian Zhu, Jie Xiao and Jinfeng Xie

ABSTRACT:
This comprehensive study develops and validates a strategic incubation framework for the internationalization of Huxiang’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) products through the TikTok platform, addressing the critical intersection of cultural preservation and global market integration in the digital age. Building upon established research documenting the symbiotic relationship between ICH-related industries and the knowledge economy, this investigation employs a mixed-methods approach combining digital ethnography, content analysis, and cross-cultural communication theory to examine how traditional crafts from China’s Hunan region can achieve meaningful global presence through platform-native strategies. The research analyzes 450 posts and 22,000+ user interactions from five representative Huxiang ICH TikTok accounts over a three-month period, identifying four interconnected strategic pillars that constitute an effective incubation model: cultural translation through micro-storytelling, platform-optimized content architecture, algorithmic community cultivation, and sustainable commercialization pathways. Findings demonstrate that successful internationalization requires sophisticated adaptation of heritage narratives to resonate with global audiences while maintaining cultural authenticity, a process that transforms traditional crafts into viable elements within the creative economy. The study reveals that TikTok’s participatory ecosystem enables a form of platform-enabled cultural entrepreneurship wherein heritage bearers evolve into digital opinion leaders, facilitating cross-cultural dialogue and value creation. This research makes significant theoretical contributions by extending current understanding of digital heritage dissemination and provides practical, actionable guidance for heritage practitioners, cultural institutions, and policymakers seeking to leverage social media for cultural sustainability and economic development. The proposed framework addresses identified gaps in strategies for digital ICH dissemination while offering a replicable model for other cultural regions navigating the complexities of digital globalization.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50106.02.2026
Thème: bingerville: la gestion des problèmes d’hygiène et d’assainissement dans une capitale en quête de légitimité (1900-1914)

Bonzou Ella ESSEY épouse OHOUO, Rokia Boubakard N’GUESSAN épouse ANOH and MIEZAN Essou Koffi Benjamin

ABSTRACT:
En 1900, Bingerville est devenue la capitale provisoire de la colonie de Côte d’Ivoire parce qu’elle était considérée comme une ville saine. Après les épidémies récurrentes de Grand-Bassam, les autorités coloniales, en quête d’un nouveau site pour abriter la capitale ont choisi Bingerville, qui offrait un environnement propre, débarrassé des vecteurs des maladies épidémiques. À partir de 1910, l’insalubrité, les problèmes d’eau potable et l’absence d’assainissement inquiétèrent l’administration coloniale. Pour y remédier, les autorités mirent en œuvre un vaste programme de salubrité et d’assainissement. L’étude examine comment les autorités ont géré ces problèmes entre 1900 et 1914 et montre l’attention portée à la lutte contre les vecteurs de maladies. Elle prend en compte les actions visant la préservation de l’environnement. L’étude s’appuie sur de nombreuses sources d’archives retrouvées à Dakar et Abidjan, constituées de rapports annuels du service de santé de la Côte d’Ivoire et de circulaires des gouverneurs. Ces documents ont permis de recueillir des informations précises sur les initiatives portant sur la lutte contre l’insalubrité à Bingerville. L’exploitation des sources, complétée par des articles et ouvrages scientifiques a fourni des données importantes pour orienter le travail. Les résultats montrent que des fonctionnaires coloniaux résidaient à Bingerville et des mesures ont été mises en place par le chef de service de santé pour maintenir la ville salubre. Sur ses recommandations, la ville bénéficia d’actions de salubrité et d’assainissement pour protéger la santé des fonctionnaires.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50088.02.2026
Nomophobia is a terrible social disorder

Dr. Tazuddin, S.M.

ABSTRACT:
Addiction generally refers to the attraction to different types of drugs such as cocaine, yaba, smoking, and gambling. In today's digital era, mobile phone or social media addiction has taken a terrible form. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 (one hundred) students of 5 (five) renowned schools and colleges in the Jashore area of Bangladesh. This paper tries to analyze their responses toward three distinctive variables—parents, family environment, and social media. Findings of the study showed that out of 100 students, 18.7 percent have mild, 53.42 percent have moderate, and 28.1 percent have severe nomophobia. The research revealed an alarming picture: 43.4 percent of parents, 41.7 percent of friends, and 11.3 percent of social and environmental factors are responsible for students suffering from nomophobia. The study also indicated that loneliness (28.3 percent), online classes (38.5 percent), lack of confidence (21.6 percent), and parental separation (28.1 percent) contributed to students becoming addicted to mobile phones and social media, later causing nomophobia. Their level of nomophobia is alarming; therefore, there is a need to reduce nomophobia and develop effective strategies to prevent further harm. Awareness, self-control, and positive alternative uses of mobile phones can save human civilization.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.50063.02.2026