Table of Contents: Volume 17; Issue 05; May 2025

Introduction: Nephrocalcinosis may be defined as deposition of calacium (in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate) in the substance of the kidney, a process that can impair the function of the kidney function. The disorder may be symmetric or, in anatomic disorders such as medullary sponge kidney, involve only a single kidney. Nephrocalcinosis is caused by a number of conditions including the excess excretion of calcium by the kidney, renal tubular acidosis, medullary sponge kidney, hypercalcemia, renal cortical necrosis, and tuberculosis. Case Details: A 50-year-old male presented with loin to groin pain for the last 2 months. It was not associated with fever, dysuria or hematuria. He has been suffering from hypertension and dyslipidemia for last 5 years. No other significant past history was found. Multiple USG, X-Ray KUBP, CECT KUB with urogram and Urinary PCR was performed, all of tests revealed same finding of having two calculi in left kidney. The patient complained about having repeated episode of nephrolithiasis in renal colic. Later with detailed study a renal biopsy was performed and findings of left renal parenchymal calcification was confirmed. Conclusion: Patients with medullary nephrocalcinosis may develop nephrolithiasis leading to repeated episodes of renal colic. Treatment of the underlying cause can prevent recurrent renal calculus formation and hence reduce the morbidity associated with the disease.

Bioactive dental materials are increasingly utilized in restorative dentistry because they interact beneficially with biological tissues. These materials, including bioceramics, calcium phosphates, and bioactive glasses, exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the ability to promote tissue regeneration. The FDI Policy Statement emphasizes that bioactive materials should have local, intended, and non-toxic effects without compromising their primary function of dental tissue replacement. Recent systematic reviews and studies have explored the bioactivity of various restorative materials, including resin composites and resin cements, which often incorporate additives like bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite. These materials can induce hydroxyapatite formation, release therapeutic ions, and promote remineralization at the dentin-material interface. Calcium silicate-based materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine, are particularly noted for their use in endodontics and pulp therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. These materials can set in moist environments and promote dentin bridge formation, making them suitable for vital pulp therapy and root-end fillings. Despite their advantages, the mechanical properties of bioactive materials can be a concern, and their clinical benefits are still being evaluated, particularly for resin-based composites. Ongoing research aims to optimize these materials' physical and mechanical properties to enhance their clinical performance and longevity. Bioactive dental materials significantly advance restorative dentistry, offering potential benefits in tissue regeneration and caries prevention. However, further clinical studies are needed to establish their long-term effectiveness and fully establish guidelines for their use.

Introduction: Chlorhexidine gluconate is a cationic biguanide compound that exhibits strong antimicrobial activity by destabilising bacterial cell walls and membranes. This case highlights the unusual presentation of contact dermatitis caused by a commonly used antiseptic liquid containing chlorhexidine gluconate. Case Presentation: An 8-year-old male presented to Dermatology OPD with an acute erythematous painful rash on the nape of the neck. The patient has a history of abrasion injury 2 days back for which the parent applied chlorhexidine-containing antiseptic liquid locally. The relationship between chlorhexidine and adverse drug reaction was assessed according to the WHO causality scale and was determined to be ‘Probable/Likely’. The patient was managed by topical steroids and oral antihistamines. Conclusion: Our case contributes to the increasing evidence of chlorhexidine hypersensitivity in the paediatric population. Clinicians must be cognizant of the numerous possible contact sources with chlorhexidine-containing antiseptics and personal hygiene products containing chlorhexidine as a preservative. It is crucial to recognise catastrophic reactions that may occur due to chlorhexidine sensitisation.

The accurate quantification of related substances (RS) in pharmaceutical formulations is a critical aspect of ensuring drug safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the development and validation of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Paracetamol and Aceclofenac along with their pharmacopoeial and process-related impurities. The method was systematically optimized through solubility screening, buffer pH adjustment, gradient elution programming, and column selection, utilizing a pH-stable C18 stationary phase coupled with ion-pairing agents to achieve optimal peak resolution. Method validation was conducted following ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, evaluating parameters such as specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.999), low limits of detection and quantification for all analytes, and high recovery rates within acceptable ranges. Importantly, critical resolution between closely eluting impurities, such as Aceclofenac Impurity-A and 4-chloroacetanilide, was successfully achieved, confirming the method’s suitability for routine quality control. The study underscores the importance of robust analytical design in impurity profiling and offers a validated approach that can be adopted for regulatory submissions and real-time release testing in the pharmaceutical industry.

This study aims to determine the influence of the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model on students' critical thinking skills in elementary social studies learning. The researcher used a quasi-experimental method. The population of this study is grade V students of SDI Watu Benta. The technique of taking research subjects uses purposive sampling, where research subjects are assigned to two classes that have relatively equivalent average values. One class is an experimental class and the other is a control class. The research instrument is in the form of an essay test to test critical thinking skills. The statistical analysis used is the t-test. The results of the study show that there is an influence of the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model on students' critical thinking skills in social studies learning. This is evidenced by the post-test scores of students who applied the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model that were superior to the scores of students who used conventional learning. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future researchers in testing the influence of the Think Talk Write type cooperative learning model at the level of education, location, and other materials.