May 2022

Background and Aims: Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) has gripped the population globally. The present study determined clinical profile of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study included 100 COVID-19 patients admitted in DCC, Parour, Himachal Pradesh, India from Jan 2022 to Feb 2022. Results: In this study, 28% patients’ age was 51 to 60 years, 42% patients age >60 years, 13% patients aged 31 to 40 years, 11% patients aged 41 to 50 years. Sixty percent study subject were males and 40% female. 93% of the patients had fever, 79% patients had cough, 69% had myalgia, 61% of the patients had breathlessness and 60% of the patients had sore throat. In our study, 60% of the patients had raised CRP level (≥10). 73% patients discharged and 27% of the patients refer to other hospital. Conclusion: The study findings add to the previous knowledge available on clinical profile of COVID-19.

We report a case of mediastinal tubercular lymphadenopathy causing dysphagia in a 27-year-old female and mimicking esophageal leiomyoma on radiological imaging. On thoracoscopic assessment and biopsy, it turned out to be tuberculosis. This case report highlights the importance of keeping differential diagnosis of tuberculosis in such cases, especially in endemic regions of tuberculosis like India.

Introduction: The physical and mechanical properties of composite resins have been greatly improved over the past couple of years. However, they still have some shortcomings like an insufficient depth of cure, degree of conversion and volumetric shrinkage. Objective: The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate for percentage degree of conversion (DC%) and volumetric shrinkage(VS%) of two bulk fill composite materials, a SFRC and a new Nanohybrid material. Method: A Total of 180 samples were prepared and divided into four groups i.e., Group A (Aura Bulkfill), Group B (Tetric Evocerambulk fill), Group C (Ever X Posterior) and Group D (Harmonize) comprising of 45 samples each. For Group A, samples were further divided into two sub groups. Subgroup A1. For evaluation of DC% (n=30). Subgroup A2. For evaluation of VS(n=15). In Subgroup A1, thirty samples were prepared by cutting teflon tube at two different heights viz; 2mm (n=15) and 4 mm (n=15). These samples were filled with composite in a single increment followed by light curing. Degree of conversion analysis was done with the help of FTIR spectroscope. In Subgroup A2, Fifteen Samples (n=15) were prepared by filling the composite in a stainless-steel mould of 4mm diameter and 4 mm height. These were weighed before and after light curing with the help of an analytical balance. The specific gravity was calculated by using ASTM D-792 method. The volumetric shrinkage was calculated by measuring the difference in specific gravities of uncured and cured samples by mathematical equations. Similar procedures were followed for other Subgroups. However, In Subgroup D1 and D2, 2mm increment of composite material was placed and light cured which was unlike the other tested bulkfills, which were placed in a single increment of 4 mm. Results: EP exhibited highest degree of conversion at both 2mm and 4 mm heights, followed by TEC and AB. Harmonize showed almost similar DC% values at both 2mm and 4mm heights. At 4mm height, DC% of Harmonize was found to be better than AB and TEC. VS% was observed in the order: EP< TEC< AB< Harmonize. Conclusion: BFCs in the present study performed better in terms of DC % at 2 mm height and VS when compared to the newly introduced nanohybrid composite. However, at 4mm height, DC% of Harmonize was observed to be better than AB and TEC, which can be due to its incremental placement and curing of 2mm each.

In this paper, Mie theory was adopted to evaluate millimetre wave propagation in rain medium. This was to determine attenuation of propagating millimetre wave by rain drops in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. We obtain Yenagoa climate weather averages for 2022 from weather.com and used these rain parameters to compute the effective permittivity of rain drops in Yenagoa by adopting Debye’s model. The shape of rain drops was assumed to be spherical as drop diameter in Yenagoa is smaller than about . Drop size distribution (DSD) was evaluated using Marshall-Palmer’s distribution and other distributions for different types of rain was studied. We observed that the all follow similar patterns. Finally, the specific attenuation by rain drops as a function of frequency and drop diameter was analysed and results obtained showed that the specific attenuation increases at smaller diameter rain drops and reduces for larger diameter rain drops. For smaller rain drops attenuation is due to absorption by water molecules with insignificant scattering by rain droplets while for larger rain drops there is significant scattering by rain drops with insignificant absorption of propagating millimetre waves by rain droplets. It was observed that the specific rain attenuation is constant at high frequencies. This is true for both day and night time as the maximum chord length of raindrop becomes comparable to the wavelength in the rain medium which causes the raindrop to reradiate energy.

This research paper focuses on how the aviation sector has faced huge concerns as countries struggle to keep COVID-19 from spreading by increasing restrictions, banning flights from certain countries with a higher positivity rate, airlines incurring massive losses. This study also provides deep insight on how the unemployment rate in the airline industry differs from previous unemployment rates making more and more people unemployed as the travel and tourism sector provided one out of every ten jobs in the world. Furthermore, this study looks into one of the greatest issues confronting the aviation sector i.e. huge drop in cash reserves as planes remain grounded for extended periods of time owing to lengthy travel bans in countries throughout the world. Many airlines were on the verge of bankruptcy as their financial reserves deplete due to the countrywide lockdown. During the lockdown, Indian airlines lost about 75-90 crore each day. As flights remain grounded for an extended length of time, the question of whether passengers will choose air travel arises, the reason for this is because the passenger’s conduct has changed as a result of the COVID-19, travel bans and restrictions imposed, and also accompanying various crisis, resulting in a significant decrease in demand for aviation activities.

The Kashmir basin situated in the north-western Himalaya has a NW-SE extent with a strike length of about ~145–150 km and width of ~45–50 km (Fig. 1). The Kashmir basin located in the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates can serve as an excellent study area for neo-tectonic activity and earthquake risk. It is a classic example of an out-of-sequence thrust faulting and is tectonically active as observed from multiple geological evidences. Its geomorphology, structure and lateral extent indicate significant accommodation of stress since long. It seems this fault is actively accommodating some portion of the total India–Eurasia convergence, apart from two well-recognised active structures the Medlicott–Wadia Thrust and the Main Frontal Thrust, which are referred in Vassallo et al. (Earth Planet SciLett 411:241–252, 2015).Advent of satellite remote sensing and GIS has opened new field of vision for geological and hyrological studies. Remote sensing and GIS technology, with its advantages of spatial, spectral and temporal availability of data covering large and inaccessible areas within a short time has become an effective tool in the hands of researchers. The present study gives usdetailed description about the geological and drainage characteristics of the Kashmir basin and district Shopian of Jammu and Kashmir using Geo-spatial tools.

The State of Kuwait is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf. During the Gulf war in 1990-1991, oil wells and related infrastructure in Kuwait were impacted for discharge of huge volume of crude oil into the environment that affected nearly 114 Km2 of the desert land. The oil contamination of the soil occurred due to the devastation of the oil wells and the actions taken to battle oil gushing well and associated oil spills for airborne deposition of crude oil and combustion products. Further, this led to creation of different oil contaminated features like wet and dry oil lakes, contaminated piles, wellhead pits, coastal oil deposits, oil-filled trenches as resulted in the contaminated land (i.e., 26 million m3 of contaminated soil). Additionally a thin layer of tarcrete formed from as aerial dispersion of burning crude oil from gushing oil well to form extensive thin hard crust upon cooling of crude oil. This had resulted in the contamination of landscape of an additional of approximately 198 Km2 has impacted the desert land. This has extensively damage changed the landscape, ecology and habitat of the flora and fauna in Kuwait. As part of Kuwait Environmental Remediation program (KERP), Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is completely responsible for the planning and execution of the remediation and restoration projects in KOC oil fields with oversee of Kuwait Nations Focal Point (KNFP). Under the KERP, KOC further established the Total Remediation Strategy (TRS) to remediate the foresaid contaminated features. The TRS comprises of elements such as Risk Based Approach (RBA), Site Soil Characterization (SSC), Unexploded Ordnance Program (UXO), Remediation Treatment Technologies, and Sludge Disposal via Beneficial Recycling or Re-use and Engineered landfills. In order to minimize the remediation of the contaminated features, KOC has conducted the Risk Based Approach (RBA) studies where oil product is present as a continuous cemented mat, (i.e., as a tarcrete). The tarcrete is one type of contaminated feature is the fallout deposits of oil mist and soot solidified as a crust on the desert surface, with an average thickness of 1 to 1.5 cm; this may not present itself as a potential risk to the local environment. The qualitative and quantitative assessments was carried out with considering the physical nature of the sources of historical tarcrete contamination present in the oilfields, for human health, ecology and groundwater were undertaken as part of the RBA studies. The outcomes of RBA study, tarcrete material is considered suitable to be left in-situ and undisturbed, allowing for natural degradation. Additionally, if requires to remove tarcrete from specific areas for oil field development or construction, KOC has developed a procedure for the handling of tarcrete material in KOC oil fields. The main intent of this procedure to provide the guidance to Company’s Area Owners, concerned teams or contractors working within company projects to expose and advise of handling of tarcrete contaminated martials with tarcrete material management into prepared project-specific waste management plans (where required) in compliance with Company and Kuwait Environment Public Authority (KEPA) requirements. The tarcrete handling activities covered by this guideline includes tarcrete breaking, scraping, removal, stockpiling/temporary storage, transportation, disposal/landfilling, or no action due to low to negligent risk. It is also intended to ensure compliance to health and safety of the employees, protection of the environment and the interests of the stakeholders.

Hyperlipidemia describes abnormally high levels of lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides in the blood. It is contributed by high fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids, sedentary lifestyle plus other factors. HFD induces biochemical alteration associated with structural changes in the frontal cerebral cortex and the cerebellum of rats. This study evaluated the possible protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds powder on the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by HFD in rat’s cerebellar cortex. It lasts 2 months and involved 24 rats separated into group I, control, group II, fed with HFD (20gm/100gm of diet/day), group III, fed with HFD plus treated with NS seeds powder (300mg/kg/day). After treatment, blood samples were collected for lipid profile assessment. Cerebelli were extracted and processed for histological examination. Body weight was increased in the hyperlipidemic group compared with the control group but reduced again by NS treatment. The serum lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats showed significant improvement in rats fed on HFD with NS seeds powder. Microscopically, the cerebellar cortex of hyperlipidemic group showed marked degenerative changes in Purkinje cell layer with many swollen Bergmann cells. GFAP expression was abundant in the astrocytes of the three cortical layers. The cerebellar cortex of hyperlipidemia with NS-treated group showed marked improvement as most of the Purkinje cells had almost normal appearance and GFAP expression showed moderate expression as the control group. This study revealed significant biochemical results that are compatible to the histological and immunohistochemical findings. Thus, NS seeds had neuroprotective effects from hyperlipidemia-induced injury in the cerebellum.

The empty sella syndrome (ESS) or otherwise called "arachnoidocele" is a relatively rare syndrome, it occurs more frequently in young women, but hormonal dysfunction seems to occur more in men. There are two types of ESS: the primary and the secondary which is more frequent. ESS can be completely asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on imaging, or in the presence of endocrine, neurological or ophthalmological signs. Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare manifestation of ESS, it is usually associated with other pituitary disorders and may be due to compression of the pituitary stalk and/or post-pituitary gland. The treatment of ESS is symptomatic and relies on the administration of hormone replacement therapy in the case of hormone deficiency. Surgery is reserved for special situations.

Bilateralprimary non-Hodgkin’slymphoma (NHL) of the adrenals is uncommon. 136 cases have been described in the literature. The symptoms of disease are variable and depend on the tumor size and the presence of adrenal insufficiency we report 2 cases of adrenal lymphoma, discovered following bilateral back pain and deterioration of general conditions. Hormonal exploration demonstrated adrenal insufficiency. Imaging explorations showed a large and bilateral adrenal mass. Percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy of the adrenal and search for extension revealed primary bilateral adrenal lymphoma. After glucocorticoid substitution, treatment was based on a CHOP regimen chemotherapy, our two patients died uring their first year of treatment. The diagnosis of primary adrenal non-Hodgkin lymphoma should be investigated in patients with a rapidly growing bilateral adrenal mass associated with adrenal insufficiency.

Dengue fever (DF) is considered a life-threateningre-emerging infectious condition. Gainor et al. (2022) claim that the first cases of the disease were recorded in the African continent in 1779, and from then on, there have been many outbreaks across the world for all the four main variants (DENV-1-DENV-4), including Comoros, Somalia, Tanzania, Angola, Cape Verde, Benin, and enya (Simo et al., 2019). Alfsnes and colleagues explain that based on epidemiological records that date back to the 16th century, the coastal towns of North, Central, and South America and the Caribbean Islands describe disease-bearing dengue fever symptoms (Alfsnes et al., 2021). These symptoms were found in people aboard commercial vessels arriving from Africa and the Old World. The cargo aboard these ships primarily originated from Africa. Around the same time, epidemiologically similar disease outbreaks were recorded throughout South East Asia, Japan, Egypt, India, and Zanzibar Islands (Alfsnes et al., 2021). Therefore, for many years, a condition fitting the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease currently known as dengue fever was most probably introduced eastwards from the African continent on the returning commercial routes across the Asian sub-tropics.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of plyometric training on various surface on selected physical fitness variable among college women soccer players. To achieve the purpose 36 inter- collegiate women soccer players were selected as subjects. Their age ranged between 18 and 24. The selected subjects were randomly segregated into four groups of nine each. Group-I underwent plyometric exercises on the sand surface, group-II underwent plyometric exercises on the soil surface, group-III underwent plyometric exercises on the grass surface and group-IV acted as control. The investigator has selected speed, agility and endurance as physical fitness variables. The experimental variable used in the study was plyometric training on various surface (Sand, Soil and Grass). A 12-week plyometric training programme was developed using three training sessions per week. The results show that, 12 weeks of sand, soil and grass surface plyometric training improved the speed, agility and endurance performance significantly. Considering the endurance, performance, sand surface plyometric training is better than soil and grass surface plyometric training. However, when comparing soil and grass surface plyometric training groups, soil surface is better than grass surface.

Irrigation is an integrated and essential part of agriculture and its allied sectors. Due to steadily depleting of water resources, the irrigation system of the Himalayan watersheds is facing the problem of water shortage. The fundamental objective of this paper is to describe the spatial distribution of different means of irrigation and to analyze their current condition of a Central Himalayan watershed, viz., the Upper Kosi watershed, Uttarakhand. The study reveals that the watershed has 39.6 km2 area under agricultural land which accounts for 8.5% of the total watershed area. Out of this total agricultural land, only 24.4% area is under irrigation. The irrigation was started in this watershed in 1951. Since that, 34 canal irrigation, 24 hydrum irrigation and 17 lift irrigation schemes were developed till 2014. Due to climate change, most of the streams/rivers of the watershed have transformed from perennial to seasonal in nature. Therefore, due to lack of water in streams, 03 canal irrigation and 23 hydrum irrigation schemes have been closed by which the agricultural production has been adversely affected. Due to lack of sufficient water in streams, no new irrigation scheme has been developed in the watershed after 2014. If no river rejuvenation measures were taken, all the existing irrigation schemes will be closed in near future. Thus, the study suggests that government should initiate river rejuvenation measures to sustain the means of irrigation for sustainable development of agriculture in the Central Himalayan Region.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a non-ionic, non-toxic, and non-metabolic polymer, and is hard to be broken down by microorganisms. This compound is therefore can be used to induce drought stress to the cultivated plants.The current data were the first published data from three consecutive years of study with the aims to test the adaptabilitylevel of seven soybean varietiesand find out the two most adaptive varieties before the next step of this three year-based-research. The study applied an experimental study with different concentrations of PEG i.e.: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% (w.v-1) PEG. There were two different phases of study namely test of viability and test of growing ability on the field. The viability test showed that Deja 1 and Depak Kuning were the two most viable varieties in comparison with those three others Dega, Dena 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro. Of the physiological characters, those two most viable varieties showed also the best sensitivity index between medium to tolerant. The Tukey test revealed that the treatment of PEG gave a significant effect on the plant’s growth as well as yield, although the PEG did not cause significant effect on the chlorophyll content, total chlorophyll and carotene. In terms of proline content, it showed that the PEG reveal that the Anjasmoro variety increased the proline content sharply.

This is a web based application users can get instant electricity bill and pay them online. The system developed to automate the electricity bill calculation and payment for user convenience. Calculates the electricity bill for every user and updates the information to their account every month. User view their electricity bill and users get the information like how voltages are used in individual home appliances. Used to calculate the voltage level of particular home appliance. Cost is used in particular appliance and also individually pay on the spot before month end. Users incapable of paying the bill before month end, it then calculates fine for each day.

Background and Objectives: The success of a fixed orthodontic appliance depends on attachments with adequate bond strengths and a low failure rate. During treatment, bond failures between the bracket and the tooth slow down the progress of treatment, and it can also be costly for the patient in terms of clinical time, materials, and time loss. New technologies using new materials are continually developing to increase the bond strength consistency and reduce the loss of enamel on debonding. The objective of this study is to compare the enamel loss and adhesive remnant index of debonded metal brackets bonded with two different adhesives under dry and saliva contaminated conditions. Methods: 80 human maxillary premolar teeth freshly extracted was collected and stored. Then specimen was randomly divided into certain groups and bonded accordingly with the adhesives under study. 10 samples from each group was debonded manually by using their corresponding pliers. After debonding residual adhesive on the teeth was assessed using stereomicroscope of 10x magnification. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) of the site of bond failure was calculated. The debonded bracket base was assessed by Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy attached to high resolution scanning electron microscope to detect calcium and phosphorus. Result and Discussion: Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy analysis showed a significantly high amount of elemental Calcium and Phosphorous on Bracepaste with hydrophilic primer under dry condition compared to Transbond XT with hydrophilic primer under dry condition. Transbond XT and Bracepaste with conventional primer under saliva contaminated condition showed less elemental Calcium and Phosphorous compared to Transbond XT and Bracepaste with hydrophilic primer under saliva contaminated condition. Conclusion: Metal brackets bonded with Transbond XT with hydrophilic primer under saliva contaminated condition have shown minimal enamel loss. Transbond XT and Bracepaste with hydrophilic primer under dry condition showed significantly high amount of elemental Calcium and Phosphorous, so avoid using hydrophilic primers on overdried enamel surface.

Hemophagous, ectoparasitical arthropod vectors transmit infectious diseases, and local inhabitants and travelers are often unaware of exposure. Early clinical awareness in regard to a possible transmission and to the important, regionally specific or dominant pathogens and vectors aids in the prevention or anticipation of a potentially severe course of illness. Two diseases are reviewed that are endemic over large regions and tend to a regional diversity concerning pathogens, severe disease highlights, and vectors, and this diversity is described: Malaria of the tropics and subtropics, borne by Anopheles mosquitoes, and tick-borne (ixodid-borne) flavivirus encephalitis of the temperate climate zone, specifically the tick-borne encephalitis (Eurasia) and the Powassan encephalitis (North America, Russia).

Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the major diseases for which patients visit dermatology clinics. Not only it affects the skin, but also its multi-systemic nature is being more recognized. Apart from the well-known psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis has been shown to increase the likelihood of ischemic heart disease, partly due to the stress and lifestyles patients may adopt, and also more importantly and as recently presumed due to the inflammatory nature of the disease. In studies on patients treated with systemic immunomodulators including TNF alpha inhibitors, interleukin-12/23 inhibitors, and interleukin-17 inhibitors, ischemic heart disease showed improvement. Objective: To determine whether or not ischemic heart disease improves with treatment of psoriasis with biological therapy at King Hussein Medical Centre, Jordanian Royal Medical Services. Methods: We aim to assess psoriatic patients who are planned or currently receiving biological treatments for psoriasis at King Hussein Medical Centre for the presence of ischemic heart disease at the cardiology clinics at Queen Alia Heart Institute. We plan to reassess them after clinical psoriasis improvement. Results: All the patients improved more than 50%(according to PASI score) regarding their psoriasis when reevaluated 14 months after starting biologics. About 54% of patients who were found to have non-calcific coronary plaques, showed reduction by 5%-15% in coronary plaque burden after 14 months from starting biologics. Conclusion: Treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis with biological agents has a positive effect in reducing and altering the coronary non-calcific plaque burden.

Aim: This study is done to evaluate the shear bond strength of gingivally offset premolar brackets with conventional brackets and to compare the enamel surface topographical changes (using scanning electron microscope) after debonding the brackets using EDI index. Materials and methods: The study included 30 mandibular premolars divided randomly into two groups. These teeth mounted on acrylic blocks were bonded with conventional standard brackets and gingivally offset brackets which represents GROUP I and GROUP II. Results and discussion: Mean shear bond strength of conventional premolar bracket is 13.2 MPa and that of gingivally offset premolar bracket is 15.7 MPa with a standard deviation of 1.39 and 2.16 respectively. The EDI scores are higher with gingivally offset premolar brackets. Conclusions: Gingivally offset premolar brackets have superior shear bond strength and causes greater enamel damage than conventional bracket.

Modern labour regulation institutions are among the most active and significant today. A nation's daily life is significantly more affected by these institutions than anything an outside organisation or force could do. In order for labour laws to evolve, there are a number of factors that must be taken into consideration, among them the growing class solidarity among workers and their realisation that the power of collective bargaining is real, the growth of enlightened self-interest among employers as to the importance of an efficient and contended class of workers, and the realisation by the general population in order for labour laws to evolve, This century's labour movement was instrumental in the adoption of labour laws across most of the globe, including in India. After India's independence and the establishment of a democratically elected government, attitudes regarding the needs and interests of the working class in India began to shift. The most important law in the country, the Constitution, enshrines the general principles that underpin the many labour laws. Increased labor-market rules have been implemented in an effort to address the various issues the labour market has created. Private security firms in India employ 8.9 million people and have the potential to hire an additional 3.1 million by the year 2022, making them one of the largest employers in the country. Private security agencies employ a large number of people in spite of the fact that the country lacks proper standards and existing labour welfare and social security legislation and Constitutional Provisions that cannot be stretched far enough to cover the terms of employment and the expected protection for the same.

Rapid technological advancement, convergence of the high-tech technologies, liberalization has turned the mobile telecom industry in Bangladesh into a dynamic industry with a strong base of subscribers. The study aims to measure brand equity of three private mobile operators; Grameenphone Limited (GP), Robi Axiata Limited (Robi), and Banglalink Digital Communications Limited (Banglalink) in Bangladesh using Keller’s Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model. The research study is descriptive in nature and quantitative in approach. Hajee Danesh University of Science and Technology, Dinajpur and Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur from the northern part of Bangladesh has been selected purposively. To measure CBBE, a survey has been conducted through convenient sampling technique with 384 students of those who are subscribers of these three mobile telecom operators and uses their SIM as prime. The study shows, in all the constructs e.g. brand salience, performance, image, judgment, feelings, and resonance of CBBE brand pyramid model, GP ranks top, Robi second and Banglalink in the bottom. The study also reveals, GP stands the top followed by Robi and Banglalink in every construct of the brand pyramid. Furthermore, as all the companies are very close to each other in every constructs of the CBBE brand pyramid, they should work on it more to gain sustainable competitive advantage. It also shows, every company has the chance to develop in all the constructs as indicated in measurement (point) scales. Therefore, to gain competitive advantage and continue in a sustainable manner, CBBE is a key to success in brand management.

This paper explores level of uptake of guidance and counseling services in public universities in the Republic of South Sudan (RoSS). The study was hinged on the premise that G&C is recommended in education programmes in the South Sudan Curriculum Framework in RoSS. However, the few studied done in this area indicates low response to G&C in terms of availability of quality G&C programme, inadequate preparation of counselors in education settings and poor funding towards establishing, running and evaluating the programme. This study was identified a total of 53 respondents through use of purposive and probability sampling. Students were 50 but a total of 40 responded, giving a response rate of 81.13%. The 3 purposively sampled respondents were Deans of Students Affairs and one Deputy Dean who is also the students’ counselor. The study used semi-structured questionnaire which was issued and collected later in order to minimize contact with the respondents due to the risk of contracting Covid 19 sickness. All other Covid 19 prevention protocols were observed like social distancing when issuing and collecting the questionnaires, extensive use of masks and sanitizers, covering face when sneezing or coughing etc. Findings of this study indicate that despite the emphasis on G&C in schools by the South Sudan curriculum framework, the service has very low uptake owing to the fact that students have very scanty knowledge about the importance of G&C service. Some students know about G&C but do not trust the counselor in keeping their secrets. This is an ethical issue that indicates that university counselors are not trained to be ethical in handling school G&C. The main implications of the study are the need for more awareness raising about G&C in the university through forums like orientation programmes, establishing of mental health programme in the university, increased budget to finance G&C activities in the university, expanding the service to cover students, academic and non-academic staff and engage in exchange programme with universities in the region who have effective G&C. This research suggests that further studies can be carried out in the area of G&C but consider other variables like private universities, role of G&C in enhancing students’ healthy interaction in the university and how G&C and its role in improved mental health for better performance.