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Effect of implant design and surface modification on Osseointegration

Author: 
Dr. Arpita Tandon, Dr. Nilesh Bulbule, Dr. Amit Jagtap and Dr. Chandra Ahuja
Subject Area: 
Health Sciences
Abstract: 

Background: Since the introduction of dental implants, they have been accepted as a predictable and reliable modality for both partially and completely edentulous patients. Successful implant placement depends on the osseointegration of the implant into the host bone. Integration of the implant is greatly influenced by the properties of the implant surface and its design. Objectives: The objective of this review is to determine the effect of implant design and surface modification on implant osseointegration. Data Sources: A complete online search for articles was made using PubMed and Google Scholar. Study eligibility criteria: All articles that were published in English or those having detailed summary in English were included. Only those articles that were published between 1st January 1994 and 31st March 2016 were considered. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies with data on osseointegration of implants with different implant designs and surface modifications done on animals were considered. Articles having histomorphometric and histologic method of analysis with a study period of more than 6 weeks were selected. Results: The review gives an insight of the various surface modifications and designs that can be successfully applied on dental implants so that a greater level of osseointegration can be achieved. Limitations: Few articles do not clearly mention the results which makes the interpretation difficult. Conclusions: Major advancements have been made in order to develop implants with innovative surface topography and design. These modifications have greatly influenced the rate and degree of osseointegration. Hence, such implants have set the stage for the future of successful implantology.

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