September 2023

Medicinal plants hold significant value for researchers engaged in the study of plant and animal disease management.The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antifungal activities of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) leaf extracts on cucumber fruit rot fungal pathogens.Garcinia kola leaf methanol extract at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25mg/ml concentration was employed to assess the fungal inhibition, while the extract diluted with 1 mL of potato dextrose agar broth at 100, 50, 25, 20, 20, 15, 15, 10, and 5 mg/Ml, was utilised to assess thein-vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the compounds present in the G. kola leaves. The study found Botryodiploidiatheobromae, Fusariumoxysporium, and Aspergillus flavus in diseased cucumber fruits.As extract concentrations decreased, fungal mycelial growth inhibition decreased linearly. Synthetic fungicide, Mancozeb had the highest inhibition, having a specific inhibition value of23.0 mmon Aspergillus flavus, 26.23 on Fusariumoxysporium, and 26.70 on Botryodiploidiatheobromae, this was followed by 25mg/mlof the extract,having inhibition zone of 19.567 on Aspergillus flavus, 20.57 on Fusariumoxysporium, and19.01mmon Botryodiploidiatheobromae. Garcinia kola extract with lowest MIC was 100 mg/Ml, having a specific MIC value of 7.40 for Aspergillus flavus, 9.40 for Fusariumoxysporium, and 6.40 for Botryodiploidiatheobromae. However, 5 mg/mL of Garcinia kola extract had the highest MIC. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, revealed the presence of 30 bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological activities. The predominant compounds include 2,5-Methanofuro[3,2-b]pyridine, octahydro- (21.416%), 5-Amino-2-methoxy phenol (17.539%), 2,5-Methanofuro[3,2-b]pyridine, oc (17.465%), and 8-Azabicyclo[5.1.0]octane (22.035%). Hence, the inhibitory effects of bitter cola leaf on Cucumber fruit rot fungal pathogens may be attributed to the presence of these compounds, suggesting their potential as a viable substitute for synthetic fungicides.

Splenunculus or splenunculi are congenital small asymptomatic benign nodules on spleen, present as splenic tissue mass but separate from the main spleen. They are formed as a result of failure of fusion of the primordial splenic buds in the dorsal mesogastrium during the 5th week of foetal life. Splenunculi are generally asymptomatic. Rarely they can be a cause of left upper abdominal pain. The study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of splenunculi in patients undergoing Computerised tomography of the abdomen in Kashmir division of Jammu and Kashmir. Methods: The study was carried in the Department of Radio-diagnosis and Imaging, GMC Srinagar of Kashmir. 178 patients in the age group 18-70 years (with a mean age of 47.6years) were included in the study. The patients with history of previous abdominal surgery, abdominal trauma, abdominal malignancies and haematological disorders were excluded from the study. The patients that were included in the study were keenly analysed for splenunculi and if present, the number, location, size and shape were noted and analysed. Results: A total of 178 patients with abdominal CT scans were analysed from June 2021 to June 2022. The most common age group was between 41-60 years. Among the178 subjects, 58 had splenunculi (33%). Majority were solitary and small (0.5-1cm) (53%). Most of the splenunculi were located at splenic hilum (50%) and were 0.5-1cm in size and oval in shape. Conclusion: The incidence of splenunculi in kashmiri population was high in the age group between 41-60 years compared to other age groups. Majority of splenunculi were solitary and the most common location being splenic hilum and size of 0.5-1cm with oval shape .

Background: The Rohingya population encounters a multitude of health-related obstacles while residing in densely populated refugee camps that are constrained in terms of resources. These challenges encompass both communicable and non-communicable diseases, malnutrition, and restricted availability of healthcare services. Health education programs have been implemented in order to enhance the health behavior and health status of the Rohingya refugees, as a means of addressing the aforementioned health concerns. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to find out the impact of health education on regular health behavior in improving health status among the FDMN community in Rohingya refugee settlement, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey on Rohingya refugee people (N=510) living in refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh was conducted to assess the impact of health education on the health behavior. Data was collected via face-to-face interviews after having voluntary consent from the participants using a pre-tested, structured and language validated questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and behavioral practices on different health outcomes. Randomized, Non probability and purposivesampling methods were followed. Results: A total of 510 refugee people were enrolled in this study where maximum participants’ age was between 21-30 years (n=224, 43.9%). Male and female respondents’ participation was nearly equal (male: n=264, 51.8%; female: n=246, 48.2%). About half of the respondents (n=277, 54.3%) were illiterate or did not have any institutional education. Socio-demographic variables showed significant association with different diseases-based knowledge and attitudes. Impact of health education was found noticeable as The impact of health education might be regarded as satisfactory as 71% respondents are currently using anti-mosquito nets/coils/spray where it was 57% during 6 months back. Here 68% respondents found practicing hand wash properly before meal and after toilet with soap compared to 51% during 6 months back. It was seen that 61% respondents knew about essential nutrients where it was 47% during 6 months back. Again 73% respondents thought that fruits & vegetables are good sources of vitamins & minerals which was recorded 68% in 6 months back. 78% respondents used to wash fruits, vegetables and other raw foods before consumption which was 61% before 6 months. Also seen that 66% respondents believed that healthy lifestyle and healthy food habit can prevent diseases (both communicable and non-communicable) where 52% thought similar in 6 months earlier. Discussion and Conclusion: According to this study, we found that Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh got many opportunities, benefits and cooperation in many ways like shelter, food-nutrition support, healthcare facilities, safety, safe drinking water access, health education through many health communication approaches from Bangladesh Government, local authority, local NGOs and different global NGOs. We observed that socio-demographic characteristics, health education related knowledge and attitudes were correlated. The findings showed that age and education shape health knowledge and attitudes. Health education's impact on Rohingya refugees is consistent with other refugee studies, indicating its value in improving health outcomes. Beside these, there was a satisfactory impact of health education in improving the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding different health issues.

A study was undertaken Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor (BLT), also known as Giant Condyloma Acuminatum, is an uncommon and locally invasive tumor primarily affecting the anogenital region, often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). This paper reports two cases of BLT successfully managed with staged operative procedures. Surgical excision, followed by secondary healing, yielded favorable outcomes without complications. BLT management remains a clinical challenge due to its size and recurrence rates, highlighting the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach and further research to enhance treatment strategies. These cases contribute to the understanding of BLT and emphasize the need for improved interventions to enhance the quality of life for affected individuals.

Balanced fertilization using the right kind and amount of fertilisers is made possible using Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) studies. The application of fertiliser by farmers in the field without understanding the soil fertility and nutrient requirement of crops results in negative impact on the soil and crops either through nutrient shortage or toxicity due to excessive or inadequate fertiliser use. Therefore site-specific nutrient management strategies have to be adopted to sustain soil health and to maintain soil fertility in sodic soil. A demonstration trial on STCR-IPNS was conducted during samba season during 2021-2022 in Alathur soil series in Anbil Dharmalingam Agrl. College and Research Institute farm in field No A5a of Trichy with rice variety TRY 3. The result revealed that STCR-IPNS based fertilizer prescription recorded the highest grain yield (5150 kg ha-1) and maintenance of soil fertility. The yield increase in STCR-IPNS (5150 kg ha-1) over blanket fertilizer recommendation and farmer’s fertilization practice was 16.0 and 24.7% respectively. The data on post-harvest soil fertility revealed that the higher available N (235kg ha-1), P (24.5kg ha-1) and K (273kg ha-1) status was observed in STCR-IPNS followed by blanket recommendation and farmers fertilization practice. To get higher yield and soil fertility maintenance and to avoid excess and under usage of fertilizer, the STCR –IPNS fertilizer prescription is highly essential.

Héritière du libéralisme politique et économique, la dynamique de la mondialisation contemporaine est impulsée par des acteurs multinationaux et transnationaux aux enjeux globaux que sont les organisations internationales, les firmes multinationales et les organisations non-gouvernementales. La mondialisation désigne le recouvrement du monde par les modèles politiques, économiques et culturels occidentaux d’inspiration libérale qui s’appliquent sur l’ensemble de la planète. Mais la part de l’Afrique dans l’économie mondiale est souvent minimale à cause de la dégradation des termes de l’échange entrainant sa vulnérabilité sur le marché mondial. L’objectif de notre analyse est de proposer, en substitution à la logique unilatérale de la mondialisation qui fait porter les biens et services du centre vers les périphéries, celle qui permet d’articulation le local et le global afin de relever les atouts dont dispose l’Afrique dans la mondialisation. Les résultats plaident des politiques économiques ambitieuses capables de susciter une large participation de l’Afrique à la production de la richesse mondiale, à travers la recherche d’une articulation optimale entre l’échelon local et l’échelon global.

This study explores the relationship between coach leadership styles and athlete self-efficacy at Guangzhou Sport University, China. The research focuses on transformational leadership practices and their impact on student-athletes. The majority of student-athletes, primarily males aged 21-23, participate in football. Coaches' transformational leadership practices were assessed across five dimensions: modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart. Results indicate that coaches excel in inspiring a shared vision and encouraging the heart. Student-athletes perceive their coaches as role models who set examples and build consensus. Coaches are also effective at fostering a collective vision and celebrating accomplishments. Challenging the process, coaches actively encourage innovation and risk-taking. They support athletes in their pursuit of improvement, emphasizing doubting ideas rather than individuals. Enabling others to act, coaches treat athletes with respect, value diverse perspectives, and empower decision-making. This dimension highlights coaches' commitment to guiding rather than directing performance. No significant differences were found in assessments based on athlete profiles (sex, age, sports area), suggesting consistent leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, the study reveals high levels of athlete self-efficacy in professional thought, personality, sport discipline, and psychological aspects. Athletes show confidence in their abilities, fair play, personal development, and emotional control. Significantly, a strong relationship exists between coaches' transformational leadership and athlete self-efficacy, emphasizing coaches' influence on athletes' confidence and belief in their capabilities. This research suggests the implementation of a Teamwork Synergy Program to enhance teamwork and collaboration, further leveraging transformational leadership and self-efficacy among coaches and athletes. In conclusion, this study underscores the vital role of coaches in fostering athlete self-efficacy through transformational leadership practices. Coaches' ability to inspire, challenge, and empower athletes significantly impacts their self-belief and performance. The proposed Teamwork Synergy Program offers practical insights for optimizing leadership and self-efficacy in sports environments.

A study was undertaken under Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva (GKMS)–District Agromet Unit (DAMU) scheme running under the guidance of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian Council Agricultural Research, New Delhi. The aim of this study was to provide weather based agro advisory bulletin to the farmers based on the weather forecast. A feedback survey of 150 farmers of Palghar district was conducted during 2021 and results had showed that the farmers who followed the agromet advisories are able to reduce the input cost and increases in the net profit. 64%of the farmers were followed weather-based agro advisory bulletin in all practices of crop cultivation. 65% of the farmers were highly satisfied with these Agromet Advisory Services (AAS). 35.3 % (53) farmers saved 6000-10000 rs. by following agro advisory regularly, followed by 32% (48) of farmers saved Rs.0-5000 of their production cost because of timely getting weather forecast and Agromet Advisory Bulletins (AAB) by DAMU. The study concluded that the application of agromet advisory services, based on current and forecasted weather is helpful for enhancing the crop production and income too.

Urban land administration is a critical aspect of urban development, particularly in developing countries. This study evaluates urban land administration practices in MehalMeda Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, using a mixed-methods approach. Document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and a survey of households and landowners were conducted to identify challenges and strengths of the current system. The study found that the urban land administration system in MehalMeda Town faces numerous challenges, including weak legal and regulatory frameworks, inadequate institutional capacity, and lack of public participation. The study also identified some strengths, such as the presence of local land use plans and some efforts to implement participatory approaches. However, these strengths are not adequately leveraged due to the existing challenges. The study recommends various measures to improve urban land administration in the study area, such as strengthening legal and regulatory frameworks, enhancing institutional capacity, and promoting public participation. The findings have broader implications for urban land administration in Ethiopia and other developing countries, particularly in the context of rapid urbanization and land market dynamics.The study contributes to the literature on land administration by identifying the challenges and strengths of the urban land administration system and proposing practical measures to enhance it. It also highlights the importance of improving land administration practices to ensure the efficient and equitable use of urban land, which is crucial for sustainable urban development.

Environmental microbiology, the study of microorganisms in their natural habitats, has emerged as a dynamic and essential field at the intersection of microbiology, ecology, and environmental science. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of the microbial universe within our ecosystems. It navigates through the rich tapestry of microbial diversity in terrestrial, aquatic, and extreme environments, shedding light on the remarkable adaptations and interactions that shape our planet. Microbes play pivotal roles in driving ecosystem processes, from nutrient cycling to pollutant degradation, providing invaluable ecosystem services. Furthermore, the intricate relationship between environmental microbes and human health is explored, with a focus on both the risks of pathogen exposure and the benefits of microbial diversity in bolstering our immune systems. Intriguingly, this review investigates extremophiles, microorganisms capable of thriving in extreme conditions, and their biotechnological applications, offering insights into cutting-edge biotechnology advancements. It also examines how environmental microbiology is at the forefront of sustainable solutions, such as bioenergy production, bioremediation, and ecosystem restoration. As the field advances, it confronts new challenges posed by climate change and human activities, making it vital to explore emerging trends and future directions. This review underscores the pivotal role environmental microbiology plays in understanding and addressing pressing global environmental issues. In the ever-evolving exploration of the microbial universe, this review provides a comprehensive overview, highlighting the past achievements and promising avenues for future research in environmental microbiology, making it an invaluable resource for scientists, educators, and policymakers.

Democracy, government by the people and for the people, has lost its flavor as its processes are being thwarted. Considering the 2023 Nigerian Election its obvious its oligarchy not democracy that rolled out. The rich few took over the polity. It was not about competence and capacity but about economic power. It was characterized with vote buying in dollars, intimidation, thuggery and falsification of results. Prejudice was obviously noticed as the umpire in the election failed or performed below expectation. Despite the huge sum of money invested. The Independent National Electoral Commission Result Viewing Point (IREV) was not functional during the Presidential election. The provision of the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BIVAS) not only raised the hopes of the citizens for a credible election butcontributed to the influx of voters at the polling station. However, the money bags dictated the tune of the elections. INEC not only failed. Thugs took over polling stations outright intimidation of voters and xenophobic attack on the Igbo in Lagos.

Articulating paper is crucial in prosthodontics as it facilitates accurate occlusal analysis, pinpointing high spots, evaluating restorations, and preventing post-operative issues. It enhances treatment precision, ensuring patient comfort and functionality while minimizing discomfort, muscle pain, and chewing difficulties. Articulating paper provides an objective tool to prevent overadjustment, maintaining the integrity of dental prostheses and restorations, ultimately improving patient outcomes and satisfaction in dental procedures. it is a vital tool in dentistry, its correct use and critical evaluation is necessary.

Background: In Indonesia, Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in males and third most common in females. Like other types of cancer, the main treatment is a series of chemotherapies. On the other hand, it is known that a proportion of “low-class” Indonesians, those who earns less than 1 million rupiah per month, in the economical aspect (58%) prefers the use of herbal medicine instead of conventional treatments. Hence, the research and development of cancer drugs from herbal materials such as Sarang Semut (Myrmecodiapendans) is vital. Objective: To analyze phytochemical component and cytotoxicity of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodiapendans)towards colon Wi Drcell line. Methods: Sarang Semut (Myrmecodiapendans) was macerated by solvents N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Ethanol and analyzed through phytochemical tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC). In addition, the cytotoxicity effect of all three extracts were analyzed towards WiDr colon cancer cell using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay. Results: Sarang Semut (Myrmecodiapendans) contains secondary metabolites Saponin, Flavonoid, Tannin, Triterpenoid, and Alkaloid. TLC analysis revealed that all three extracts of Myrmecodiapendans had six chemical compounds. MTT Assay revealed ethylacetate and ethanol extracts of Myrmecodiapendans had no cytotoxic effect towards WiDr colon cancer cells, whereas n-hexane extract of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodiapendans) had strong cytotoxic effect towards WiDr colon cancer cells. Conclusion: N-hexane extract of Sarang Semut (Myrmecodiapendans) is a promising candidate for development of new anti-colon cancer drug.

Introduction: Antioxidants are natural substances that include vitamins, minerals, and other compounds in foods. They are believed that helps to prevent diseases by fighting substances called "free radicals" that are produced when our body uses oxygen. Methodology: A Quantitative research approach and one group pre-test – post-test research design was selected. The study includes 60 cardiac patients selected by convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted in Narayana Medical College and General Hospital at Nellore. Structured questionnaire was used to collect the data by period of 4weeks schedule. Results: The results revealed that, there was a significant difference between mean pre test scores and mean post test scores of knowledge regarding antioxidant diet among cardiac patients. The pre-test mean knowledge score is 8.08 with SD 4.2 and the post test mean score is 38.03 with SD 6.16. The calculated value of paired t’test is 1.3 which is statistically significant at P< 0.05 level. Conclusion: The study concludes that the structured teaching programme is effective in enhancing the knowledge regarding antioxidant diet among cardiac patients.

Foxtail millet or oodalu belongs to the Family Poaceae, Subfamily Panicoideae, Genus Echinochloa and Species Echinochloa frumentacea Link. Two barnyard millet species namely Echinochloa frumentacea and E. esculenta are under cultivation in the different parts of world. Echinochloa frumentacea (Indian barnyard millet, sawa millet, or billion dollar grass) is a species of Echinochloa. Both Echinochloa frumentacea and E. esculenta are called Japanese millet. This millet is widely grown as a cereal in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Its wild ancestor is the tropical grass Echinochloa colona, but the exact date or region of domestication is uncertain. Echinochloa frumentacea is generally known by a few names like sanwa and jhangora (Hindi), shyama (Sanskrit), oodalu (Kannada), kuthiravaali (Tamil), kavadapullu (Malayalam), udalu and kodisama (Telugu), shamul (Marathi), sama (Gujarati), shamula (Bengali), kira (Oriya), bhagar or varai (Marathi & Chhattisgarh) and swank (Punjabi). Indian barnyard millet most probably originated from India where it has been domesticated from the wild E. colona. Wild E. colona originated from the tropics and subtropics of the Old World but can now be found in the tropics and subtropics all over the world and is very common in South-East Asia. Indian barnyard millet is known from ancient Egypt and East Africa but is at present widely grown as a cereal only in India, Kashmir and Sikkim. It has been introduced into the United States, Canada and Australia, especially as a forage. In continental South-East Asia, Indian barnyard millet is quite commonly cultivated but in Peninsular Malaysia it only occurs as a rare weed in cultivated fields. Japanese barnyard millet most probably originated from Japan where it was domesticated from the wild E. crus-galli some 4000 years ago, and was later introduced into Korea, China and adjacent Russia as a cultivated cereal. Wild E. crus-galli is native to temperate Europe and Asia but has spread to temperate and tropical areas all over the world; it is also very common in South-East Asia. Japanese barnyard millet is only extensively cultivated in Japan, Korea and northern China. Barnyard millet is an ancient millet crop grown in warm and temperate regions of the world and widely cultivated in Asia, particularly India, China, Japan, and Korea. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Bihar are among the Indian states where it is cultivated. Barnyard millet has a sweet, nutty flavour, and is easy to cook with different spices. Apart from being delicious, Barnyard millet benefits heart and kidney health. The presence of a high amount of fibre, iron, and phosphorus in Barnyard millet is helpful in controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. It has gained more popularity in the Sattvic movement to embrace native gains that are good for both humans and the environment. It is the fourth most produced minor millet, providing food security to many poor people across the world. Globally, India is the biggest producer of barnyard millet, both in terms of area (0.146 m ha-1) and production (0.147 mt) with average productivity of 1034 kg/ha during the last 3 years. Yields of Indian barnyard millet amount to 700-800 kg/ha of grain and 1000-1500 kg/ha of straw. It is believed that it can reach a grain yield of more than 2 t/ha. As a forage crop in the United States it can produce as many as eight crops per year. Average yield of Japanese barnyard millet is 1.65 t/ha. The milling process of Foxtail millet may include husking, debranning and grinding. The husked grains are polished. Polished grain may be ground to flour. The grain can also be cooked like rice or processed for flaking. In this review article on Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Uses, Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Barnyard Millet are discussed.

The Present workdivided in five part in first the coumarin was synthesise from resorcinol and ethyl acetoacetate in acidic medium. In second step coumarineacylated by reacting with chloroacetyl chloride, which on further react with hydrazine and finally the Schiff base of some aromaticaldehyde with amine containing coumarine moiety were synthesized. The physical measurement and structural elucidation by spectrum like FT-IRand 1H-NMR, used in this work.

Francis Galton, once asked “What’s in a face?”His main aim was to understand if there was a similar facial appearance for both. To do this, he made photographic composite images of both faces, he overlaid numerous images of faces onto a single plat creating one final composite face that had characteristics of each original face. He noticed that the composite face was much more attractive than the original faces. “This phenomenon is now known as the averageness effect, where attractive faces tend to be indicative of the average traits of the population. There are two main explanations (that follow the symmetric theory) that explain the attractiveness of the composite face. The evolutionary advantage theory proposes that individuals with symmetric faces tend to be more attractive. It draws upon the fact that they look healthier than those with unsymmetrical faces. Human genes are created to develop symmetrically. Asymmetric faces are formed from defects and small imperfections created before and after birth. Most of the people have slight facial asymmetry which in normal but some people have significant asymmetrical faces. Various etilogical factors contribute to facial asymmetry. It has a wide range of possibilities because of structures involved, structures in question and causative factors. Understanding the etiopathology and classifications of facial asymmetry helps for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Various authors have classified facial asymmetry on the bases of etiology or morphology, time of onset, structures involved, whereas some have described facial asymmetry on merely facial measurements. The sole purpose of this article is to provide all the classifications of facial asymmetry by various authors.

Vitiated Dosha can be eliminated through the nearest possible route by five internal purification procedures, called Panchakarma. These are Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya and Raktamokshana. Among these Basti Chikitsa is considered ‘ardhachikitsa’ by Acharya Charka, because Basti Chikitsa is the prime line of management for vitiated Vata Dosha. In Ayurveda, descriptions of different types of Basti are available, among which Matra Basti is one of the most important types. Surgical disorders like BPH, Fissure in ano, Osteoarthritis, Post-operative Pain, Sciatica, etc. are not satisfactorily managed by allopathic medicine and surgery. After the surgical management of BPH and Fissure in Ano, there is a high chance of recurrence. On the other hand, in Osteoarthritis, Post-operative Pain, and Sciatica, analgesics may develop many complications. So, in this article efforts are made to present the significance of Matra Basti in the management of surgical disorders.

Here we report a case of synchronous smoldering multiple myeloma and Niemann Pick in a 54-year-old man.