Selection of a suitable implant biomaterial is the most important criteria for the success of treatment. Implantology has become mainstream practice and accepted as a desirable treatment and as an alternative to conventional removable and fixed dental prosthesis. It is mandatory for a clinician to have a knowledge about various biomaterial used for dental implants for their judicious selection and application. This literature review makes an effort to summarize the evolution of various biomaterials their properties and characteristics and its impact on treatment outcome.