Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a deciduous shrub from the Lythraceae family, is native to Central Asia, notably the Middle East, Iran, Turkmenistan, and northern India. While its fruit is widely consumed and valued for its health benefits, recent studies have explored the medicinal potential of its leaves. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and pharmacological activities of methanolic extracts of pomegranate leaves. The leaves were collected from Kundrathur, Chennai, shade-dried, powdered, and extracted using methanol. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and glycosides, identified using standard qualitative tests. These bioactive compounds contribute to various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, neuroprotective, and wound-healing activities. Additionally, pomegranate leaf extract has shown specific therapeutic potential in conditions like conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and skin infections due to its astringent, antimicrobial, and healing effects. Toxicity studies suggest that the extract is safe for use in animal models, further supporting its application in health formulations. Emerging uses of pomegranate leaf extract include its incorporation in herbal teas, liver detox supplements, and eco-friendly botanical pesticides. These applications reflect its growing relevance in both medical and agricultural fields. Overall, the study highlights Punica granatum leaves as a promising source of natural compounds with multifaceted therapeutic properties and excellent safety profiles. The findings support the continued exploration of pomegranate leaves in traditional and modern medicine, nutraceuticals, and sustainable product development. In conclusion, pomegranate leaves are a rich source of natural medicine. With further research, they may be widely used in health supplements, skincare, and even in farming as a natural alternative to chemicals. This study supports the growing interest in using plant-based remedies for health and environmental benefits.
