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The Role of Islamic Medicine in the 13th-Century Historic Discovery of the Correct Function of the Cardiovascular Pulmonary Circuit

Author: 
Abdelhadi Halawa
Subject Area: 
Social Sciences and Humanities
Abstract: 

Introduction: For centuries, a myriad of studies and theories have been developed and arguments on both sides have been long debated regarding the early discovery of the pulmonary blood circulation. Attributions for the original discovery of this landmark medical discovery were mostly bestowed upon a number of European scholars and physicians for their individual contributions in the 15th to 17th centuries AD. Chiefly among those European contributors are Claudius Galen; William Harvey; Michael Servetus; Andreas Vesalius; and Matteo Realdo Colombo. For over 800 years, with the only exception of Galen, most of the credit for this milestone physiological discovery was given to the aforementioned European scholars and physicians; however, none was given to the 13th century AD physician Ibn al-Nafis whose contribution to this discovery is seminal and well-documented. Purpose: This study is amid to examine the evolution of the discovery of the lesser blood circulation, the contradictory theories concerning the original discovery, as well the credit given to the early discovers of the pulmonary blood circulation spanning from the 2nd to the 17th centuries AD. Methods: This study employed a meta-analysis systematic review methodology of a multitude of germane studies. Data obtained from these studies were analyzed in order to determine common underlying findings, arguments, and disagreements regarding the discovery of the pulmonary blood circulation. Conclusion: Several early European physicians and anatomists, in some measures, contributed to the discovery of the functions of the lesser blood circulation. However, a well-documented body of evidence showed that Ibn al-Nafis made a pioneering contribution to the discovery, correct functions, and development of a body of invaluable knowledge in the field of cardiac anatomy and medicine.

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