Endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide had been in global use as a part of pest management strategy. Its exposure has resulted in multifaceted damage to various organs including brain. Hence, there is an urgent need to seek out certain herbal, biochemical and pharmaceutical formulations with an innate potential to curb toxicities induced by endosulfan. In the present study, an effort has been made to elucidate the protective effects of antioxidants viz., trans- resveratrol, alpha- lipoic acid and vitamin E against endosulfan induced neurotoxicity in olfactory lobe of the brain of Swiss albino mice on the basis of altered histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The experimental protocol constituted of ten batches, consisting of six mice each. First group served as the control where mice were administered only vehicle (olive oil). The second group were administered only endosulfan (2.45 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days) while the third, fifth, seventh and ninth experimental groups were administered only resveratrol (5 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days), alpha- lipoic acid (20 mg/kg body weight day for 15 days), only vitamin E (50 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days) solitary and in combination. The fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth experimental groups were administered antioxidants in solitary and combination form one hour prior to endosulfan administration. As compared to the control group, it was observed that exposure of endosulfan at a dose of 2.45 mg/kg body weight/day distinctly altered the distribution pattern of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase neurotransmitter enzymes, thereby delineating its toxic effects on the mice brain. The only antioxidants treated groups i.e. group III, V, VII and VIII, showed an enzymatic distribution profile similar to that of control group. In other antioxidant plus endosulfan treated groups i.e. group IV,VI,VII,X it was observed that endosulfan induced AChE, BChE inhibition in different layers of olfactory lobe involved in mapping of odour and receiving information from axons of olfactory receptor nucleus were ameliorated and brought back to normal. Hence, this study clearly delineates toxic effects of endosulfan on the olfactory lobe of mice which were ameliorated on administration of antioxidants.
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