Candida is one the most common fungi species of the normal oral flora consisting more than 150 species. Although, Candida exists harmlessly in mucus membranes-It is also considered as a common opportunistic organism- when marked imbalance in the oral flora. Candida infection have high prevalence with the increasing age and is also considered as most commonly encountered oral condition. Hence, knowing its risk factors and lab investigation is very essential for a dental physician. This review article will enlighten the brief knowledge of candidiasis, its risk factors and diagnostic methods which are realistic for the basic clinical setups.