Determination of metal particles released from titanium endosseous implants by exfoliative cytology: a clinical evaluation

The revolutionary era of tooth replacement began with the invention of implants. Although success rate of 81 to 99% have been reported, there has been a failure rate of 1.5 to 6.7%. Though small these failures still pose a significant clinical, psychological and financial challenges to clinician and patients. Improper implant planning, patient compliance and hypersensitivity to implant metal are major causes for its failure as there is a void and scope of research in this area. Hence this study has been designed to determine the metal particle released from titanium end osseous implant by exfoliative cytology and histopathology