Expanding the oligarchy: The g4 and the united nations security council reform

Based on the neo-realist approach developed by Joseph Grieco, the aim is to explain the strategic interests of Brazil, Germany, India and Japan with the creation of the G4 and the main obstacles to the group’s success. The main argument indicates that these states defend the preservation of the UNSC’s effectiveness and functionality to deal with challenges to international security and peace, not the Council’s effective democratization. They saw in G4 the opportunity to pressure for a common interest of the four states: the UNSC reform. With permanent seats at the UNSC, they all want to have greater participation in international decisions related to international security and peace and delay, frustrate or undermine policies by P5 states that damage their specific interests. However, the two intermediate powers want to enhance their voice opportunities in their relations with the two G4 richer and more powerful states, while these states want to rationalize the exercise of their power towards the G4 emerging nations and the developing world.