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Glycated hemoglobin and the activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in the red blood cells of type 2 diabetic patients

Author: 
Thangarasu Rajakumar, Sekar Subashini, Mangipudi Ramakrishna Rao, and Kodukkur Viswanathan Pugalendi
Subject Area: 
Life Sciences
Abstract: 

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is one of the parameter to assess the diabetic condition. In this study, the activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes were assessed and correlated with HbA1c in the red blood cells (RBCs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Thirty diabetic patients (taking insulin and different antidiabetic drugs) from Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital, between the age 40 and 70 were chosen and they were not suffering from any other illness and fifteen non-diabetic control subjects of the same age groups were also chosen for comparison. Index of glycemic control (plasma glucose, insulin, blood hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin) and the activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (hexokinase, phosphogluco isomerase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were measured. Diabetic patients have significantly higher plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin and lower insulin and hemoglobin. Activities of hexokinase, phosphogluco isomerase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in diabetic patients when compared with non-diabetic control subjects. Statistical analysis indicated a correlation of glycated hemoglobin with hexokinase (r= -0.858, p= 0.000), phosphogluco isomerase (r= -0.546, p= 0.000), aldolase (r= -0.591, p= 0.000), pyruvate kinase (r= -0.360, p= 0.023) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (r= -0.449, p= 0.004) in non-diabetic control subjects and diabetic patients. Inspite of regular intake of antidiabetic drugs or insulin, the index of glycemic control showed significant increase implying impaired control of diabetes mellitus. Hexokinase showed a significantly strong negative correlation to glycated hemoglobin. RBCs hexokinase activity has been inversely correlated with glycation which could act as an index in evaluation of glycation in diabetic condition.

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