Radiotherapy and oral health

Approximately one million people develop invasive cancer each year. Of these, 40% will receive curative benefit from surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination modality. In dealing with patients with cancer of the head and neck a team approach is required for effective management. When radiation therapy is indicated, it is imperative that health of the oral cavity be assessed initially as well as throughout therapy and post therapy. All members of the cancer treatment team should be informed of the oncologic treatment plan. Oral care should be initiated at the onset of treatment, with the goal of reducing morbidity and improving compliance. Total body irradiation and irradiation to the head and neck cause both direct and indirect effects on oral and related structures, and may be acute or chronic in nature. These complications may include mucositis, xerostomia, dental caries, loss of taste, trismus, infection, osteoradionecrosis, and abnormalities of growth and development. The objective of this literature review is to summarize information about the radiation effects, diagnosis and administer treatment to protect a patient's oropharyngeal health and quality of life.