Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of at least 105 colony forming units/ml of one or two bacterial species in a clean-voided midstream urine sample from an individual without any symptoms of urinary tract infections. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is influenced by various risk factors. In the present review, an attempt has been made to review the various risk factors associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria, pathophysiology of asymptomatic bacteriuria and its clinical presentation.