Serum calcium and phosphate level alterations in metabolic syndrome

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome by itself is a constellation of multiple risk factors causing cardiovascular diseases. Serum calcium and phosphate has been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, and also correlated with individual components of metabolic syndrome. Disturbances in calcium and phosphate metabolism can cause CVD and may be a predisposing factor for metabolic syndrome. This study is designed to find out the correlation of serum calcium and phosphate with individual components of metabolic syndrome. Aim: • To measure serum calcium and serum phosphate levels in diagnosed metabolic syndrome patients. • To assess the correlation between serum calcium and individual components of metabolic syndrome in the above patients. • To assess the correlation between serum phosphate and individual components of metabolic syndrome in the above patients. Method: Data of 30 out-patients with diagnosed metabolic syndrome (cases) and 30 age and sex matched healthy individuals from general population(controls)were collected and their blood drawn for serum calcium, serum phosphate, Fasting blood glucose(FBG) and lipid profile analysis in Beckman coulter Biochemistry auto analyser. Results: Serum calcium was higher in cases compared to controls. Serum calcium in cases was 11.2 ± 0.8 and in controls was 9.5 ± 0.4with t score of 7.3291 with P value of 0.0001 which is statistically very significant. Serum calcium showed positive correlation with components of metabolic syndrome namely FBG (r score: 0.1482 p: 0.001), triglycerides (r score: 0.116 p: 0.001) and TC (r score:0.181 p:0.001), Serum phosphate was lower in cases compared to controls. Serum phosphate in cases was 2.5 ± 0.7 and in controls was 3.3 ± 0.5 with t score of 7.1458 with P value of 0.0001 which is statistically very significant. Serum phosphate showed negative correlation with components of metabolic syndrome namely FBG (r score:-0.748 p: 0.001), triglycerides (r score:-0.716 p: 0.001) and WC (r score:-0.620 p: 0.001), SBP (r score:-0.804 p:0.001) and positive correlation with HDL-C (r score:0.690 p:0.001) in patients of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that serum calcium and serum phosphate may serve as a potential risk assessment marker of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome.