Literature review on peste des petits ruminants in chad

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, acute, transboundary viral disease of small ruminants, subject to mandatory reporting. The PPR pathogen belongs to the genus Morbilivirus, family Paramyxoviridae. The aim of this study is to produce a literature review on PPR in Chad. To this end, studies published between 1992 and 2025 were selected for this review. The databases consulted were Google Scholar and Google Search. The information retrieved was selected on the basis of its relevance to the manuscript. Studies have shown that the disease has been endemic in Chad since the virus was first isolated in 1995. The rate of infection with the PPR virus is higher in the sheep population (34.67 per cent) than in goats (27.37 per cent).The morbidity rate can reach 100% and the mortality rate 90%. The virus is transmitted mainly via the respiratory tract and through direct contact between sick and healthy animals. This disease acts as a barrier to the development of the livestock sector, as this sector plays an important role in job creation and income distribution in rural areas. The disease is characterised by the following symptoms: fever, lethargy, mouth ulcers, respiratory problems, eye and nasal discharge, stomatitis, diarrhoea and pneumonia with foul-smelling breath, often leading to death. At post-mortem, the lesions are characterised by erosions of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, hypertrophy of the mesenteric lymph nodes, congestion of the lungs with one or more areas of hepatisation, and the presence of frothy exudate in the lungs. To combat this disease, Chad has drawn up and implemented the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of PPR by 2028. This literature review has highlighted the significant progress made in understanding PPR in Chad. However, gaps in knowledge remain, particularly regarding the progress of the National Policy for the Control and Eradication of PPR.