February 2012

A sludge drying bed of 1.2m by 0.75m was designed and used in dewatering sewage sludge collected from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka waste water treatment plant. This was used in determining parameters necessary in the formulation of an equation for sludge filtration based on the concept of specific resistance using LMT dimensional analysis. The equation was used in determining the performance of sludge drying bed which is a natural means of sludge dewatering. This shows that the resistance to filtration for conditioned sludge decreases as the conditioner concentration increases showing that the derived equation is in consonance with Carman’s equation and it can be used in evaluating sludge dewatering parameters. The modified equation based on the concept of specific resistance can be adopted in sludge dewatering investigations as it seems to agree with already existing Carman’s filtration equation that the resistance to filtration for conditioned sludge decreases as the conditioner concentration increases. The results of the experiment showed that the sludge was filterable due to the calculated values of specific resistance.

Rescaled range analysis (R/S analysis), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) are widely-used methods for detection of long-range correlations in time series This paper employs R/s analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis method to investigate the trend of Northeast monsoon rainfall of Tamil Nadu time series. The data used for this analysis is from the year 1901 to 2004 through about 104 years. The different scaling exponents estimated by R/S method and DFA method indicates the same result of anti-persistence in the Northeast monsoon rainfall of Tamil Nadu.

This paper mainly focuses on the performance evaluation of the three types of classifiers viz., Rule-based, Decision tree based and Baysian networks on Edu-data which is a large repository consisting of data related to technical education system; which is considered as a benchmark system for the study of Edu-mining. The three important stakeholders of the system are Student, Faculty and Management. The study comprises of 3 modules in student stakeholder, 3 modules in faculty stakeholder and finally an integrated module. Totally 3500 instances are taken for each module and the results of the present investigation predict (i) the optimal classifiers for each module.(ii) the accuracy and time complexity for all the classifiers and (iii)facilities to take the effective managerial decisions. No doubt the results of the present integrated approach provides a unique platform for making effective predictions at all the levels.

This paper an overview of the state of the art in the area of sentiment analysis is presented. Research is being carried out in this area. The approaches and techniques of sentiment analysis and its application in various fields are present here. Within we focus, on automated sentiment analysis using Natural Language Processing (NLP). In addition some sentiment analysis tools available to pinpoint the effect of specific issues on the customer perceptions are discussed, helping the vendors respond with appropriate marketing and PR strategies. It is concluded that the present work provides a platform for further research.

Predictive model to monitor the spreading rate of crude oil in surface water environment was developed in this paper, this model were generated through an experiment performed, The experiments were performed to examine the rate of crude oil spread in surface water, This experiment yield allots of results, some of the results were applied to examine the rate of spread through graphs that were plotted, The generated model equation from the graph were resolved, the resolved equation yielded theoretical values, this values were compared to other measured values from different locations, both parameters generated the following model equations y =1.909x+20.24 with R2 = 0.999,y =9.968x-1.951 R2= 0.995,y = -1.988x +13.55 R2 =0.998,y = 9,977x-4.528 R2=0.999,y = -1.777x + 9.166 R2 =0.991, and y =3.635x +1.257 R2 = 0.987. This model if applied will predict the rate of spread of crude oil in surface water environment. The rate of marine habitats degradation in most rivers and lake is of serious concern, especially in developing nations were the level of environmental pollution of oil spill is very high, this model will go a long way in predicting the rate of pollution, and reduce the threat of life in the study area.

Nature provides motivation to scientists in many ways. Scientists have started to realize that nature is a great source of inspiration to develop intelligent systems and techniques. Nature- Inspired algorithms is a kind of algorithms that imitate the problem solving behavior from nature. Consultant Guided Search algorithm (CGS) and Genetic algorithm (GA) are some of the Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms inspired from Nature. In this paper, Consultant Guided Search algorithm (CGS) was hybridized with Genetic algorithm (GA) and a new technique was proposed. The proposed Consultant Guided Search - Genetic algorithm (CGS-GA) was implemented to solve the benchmark instances of Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). The performance of the proposed CGS-GA was compared with CGS algorithm. Results have shown that the proposed CGS-GA has outperformed CGS in arriving at improved optimal solutions for various test instances of Quadratic Assignment Problem.

In the present investigation has been under taken in order to study the teacher effectiveness of school teachers in Chennai and Thiruvallur Districts. Teacher Effectiveness of school teachers’ scale was constructed and standardized by Kumar and Mutha (1974) has been administrated to a random sample of 900 school teachers. It is found that teachers significantly differ in teacher effectiveness in respect of gender, place of school, level of teaching and they do not differ in teacher effectiveness in respect of marital status, age, type of management, years of experience and monthly income of teachers.

In this study, we examine the efficiency of regulated (poultry and eggs) and non-regulated (fruits and vegetables) Agricultural Marketing Co-operatives using profit estimations. Time series data that spans from 1984 – 2001 was obtained from various institutions in Canada for the analysis. A Translog production function was specified and the analysis was carried across the above mentioned Agricultural Marketing Co-operatives. The empirical results reveal that, in general, these the co-operatives do not have equal economic efficiency; each co-operative has its own level of efficiency. This result also suggests that the co-operatives may be operating with different kinds of technologies within the same sub-sector and across various sub-sectors. These results imply that each co-operative has its own level of efficiency. Equal and absolute allocative efficiency were also tested and the results showed that the hypothesis of equal or absolute efficiency is rejected for the two groups of co-operatives. This means that that the allocative efficiency of the co-operatives is not equal and neither are they absolute. The elasticities of the regulated co-operative (poultry and eggs) were less elastic as compared to those for the non-regulated co-operative (fruits and vegetables). Further, the results imply that the regulated co-operative did not exhibit any undue advantage over the non-regulated co-operative that might be attributed to supply management. The empirical results from the profit and efficiency estimations showed that the individual co-operatives are not technically or allocatively efficient. These results have policy implications regarding the management of co-operatives in the sense that supply-managed co-operatives may have to be more concerned about improving efficiency.

This paper explores the role of micro-finance institutions in alleviating poverty among small-scale wheat farmers in Kenya. The paper discusses the utilization of loans from micro-finance institutions by small scale farmers in growing wheat to illustrate how farmers improve their living standards and to a large extent alleviate poverty among themselves. The paper uses data obtained in a six-months study carried out in five locations in Moiben Division, Uasin Gishu County, Rift Valley Province, Kenya. The data to which this paper is based were collected through survey method, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), informant interviews, observation, and secondary sources. A total of 200 small-scale wheat farmers selected using simple random sampling participated in this study. The data obtained were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The paper argues that although micro-finance institutions provide small-scale wheat farmers with opportunities to acquire loans, the loan amount being offered is inadequate for wheat production given the fact that wheat production mainly uses capital intensive technology. As a result, small-scale farmers use low quality seeds, fertilizers and chemicals which result into low yield, low revenue income and consequently low standard of living. The paper concludes that investing loans from micro-finance institutions in small-scale wheat production does not result in sufficient income revenue; hence tend to promote and not alleviate poverty.

Optimization of cycle time in injection molding plays a vital role in manufacturing of plastic parts to improve the productivity of the process. At the same time it should not affect the quality of the final product. This paper describes the cycle time optimization of Hinge Locator – Guided support plastic part, through a repeated number of analyses which was carried out by Moldflow simulation software. The process parameters like cooling time, Injection time are optimized in which it contributes more in the cycle time. Experimental verification has been done with new optimized parameters in Injection molding machine. The results of the experiment showed a way to achieve the purpose of optimizing the injection molding machine in a sensible and cost efficient way

This paper examines the role of parents and perceptions of both parents and teachers towards early childhood development based on a study conducted among preschool parents and teachers at Mumias Town, Kenya. The descriptive research design was adopted. The data sources were: a parental involvement questionnaire for pre-school teachers, a parental involvement interview schedule for the pre-school parents, and document analysis. Simple random sampling was done for the pre-school parents and saturated sampling for pre-school teachers. Multiple data analysis methods were used. It emerged that both teachers and parents held positive perceptions towards parental involvement in early childhood curriculum development. Teachers indicated that their teacher-education courses did not equip them with knowledge and skills on parental involvement strategies while parents indicated that in most pre-schools, teachers had a negative attitude towards parental involvement in instructional activities. Parents were involved at the curriculum implementation level when they paid fees, provided teaching and learning materials, interacted with teachers, supported children with homework and assisted with child discipline at school. The study recommended, among other things, an adult literacy programme for pre-school parents; early childhood education parental awareness programme.

One of the fast growing urban centres of South Bengal is Barddhaman Town which is situated on the fertile Lower Damodar Floodplain (23°14′18″N and 87°51′39″E). Recently the urbanization process has been played a dual role in the socio-economic development and environmental degradation. The town has drastically increased its area and population size from 1970, as well as the urban healthy environment is deteriorated. This paper aims to analyse the environmental degradation in terms of pollution. So, we have been selected three aspects of urban pollution- Air, Water and Noise Pollution. Taking Pre-Monsoon and Monsoon measurements of SO2, NO2 and RSPM, we have found that there is high level of air pollution in the selected locations. Analyzing the chemical data of surface waterbodies and sediment samples of waterbodies, we have been traced the heavy metals’ concentration in few locations. Side by side, the silence zones and dense residential areas are very much suffered from noise pollution in daytime. At last combining those results, graphs and spatial coverages of pollutions we have been prepared a ward-wise pollution risk map of Barddhaman Town using Geographic Information System.

In learning institutions such as public universities in Kenya, training of teaching staff is mostly emphasized in their manpower development policies. This is because training forms a major component of their job promotion. However, in recent past it has been observed that most non-teaching staff in many universities are engaged in self initiated staff training contrary to most universities training policies. This study therefore examined how job security, financial gain, desire to get a new job elsewhere, career development and university manpower training policy influence self initiated staff training among middle level staff in Moi University. Data for this study was collected from 100 Middle level employees of Moi University who were selected through multi-stage sampling technique using interview schedule. Quantitative data from closed ended questions were organized and analyzed using SPSS computer programme and presented in percentages. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were transcribed and analyzed manually. Inferential statistic such as Chi- square and spearman r correlation coefficient were used to test the relationship between variables. The study found that self initiated staff training was influenced by job security although the influence was not so strong. University manpower training policy was, however, found to negatively influence self initiated staff training while other factors such as financial gain, career development and desire to get a new job elsewhere did not have any influence. In conclusion, the study argues that self initiated staff training among middle level staff is influenced by desire of getting extra / more relevant skills which are deemed essential in meeting performance targets. Meeting performance targets is a major condition for continued job security for all employees who are in permanent and Pensionable terms.

Nigeria’s political landscape is faced with series of challenges and socio-political factors that portend hindrances to sustainable democratic governance. Over the years, the conduct of elections has been a problematic as violence remains the hallmark of Nigerian politics. Electoral violence has assumed a worrisome dimension in the Nigerian democratic system. Nearly all elections in Nigeria have been marred by violence.The spate of general election violence has formed a pattern resulting in threat to peace and order.The main objective of this paper is to assess the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in curtailing electoral violence and how they sustain democratic governance. The study used secondary data sources to analyze the issue of electoral violence and democratic governance in Nigeria. It concluded with policy options that could enhance the civil society organizations in playing more roles to forestall violence and sustain democratic governance in Nigeria.

Present study was followed with the aim that selection of more efficient strains of fungal species from the forest soils for the production of industrially important fungal cellulase under submerged fermentation (SmF). Isolation and characterization of cellulolytic fungal strains from the nutrient enrichment method yields 22 fungal species. More efficient eight fungal strains were selected based on the rate of zone of clearance on the CMC agar plates by Congored test. Production of cellulase was studied in Czapek broth supplemented with 2% CMC at an optimal conditions of temperature 28±1ºC, pH-7.0 and 5th days of incubation under shake culture. Maximum Corboxymethyl cellulase activity showed by Penicillium pallidum (0.059±0.001 U/mL), Aspergillus terreus (0.056±0.001 U/mL) and Trichoderma viridae (0.052±0.003 U/mL). Filter Paperase activity by Penicillium pallidum (0.057±0.001 U/mL), Trichoderma viridae (0.054±0.002 U/mL) and Aspergillus terreus (0.050±0.005 U/mL) than the other isolates. Soluble crude proteins were maximum by Penicillium sp. (170±5 µg/mL), Penicillium pallidum (170±2.64 µg/mL) and Aspergillus niger (170±2 µg/mL) and partial purified protein was maximum by Penicillium pallidum (115±2 µg/mg), Cunninghamella echinulata (80±2 µg/mg) and Trichoderma viridae (75±2.64 µg/mg) than the other isolates at 5th day of incubation.

Sports nutrition plays a significant role in the advancement of the knowledge available to the athletic community and hydration is of special importance as a part of the preparation, participation, and recovery of every athlete from the stress of training or competition. Twenty five each of female athletes (physical education students) and non athletes respectively from Avinashilingam University for Women and male athletes and non athletes from Karate Association and Rotary Club of Coimbatore respectively were selected. Socio economic background was elicited using questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed through anthropometry, biochemical tests, clinical examination and dietary survey. Fluid intakes were recorded, average intake was recorded. Fitness tests (athletes) for cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, agility and strength were carried out. Computer assisted nutrition education materials. (Power point) and a booklet were developed. Education was imparted on sports nutrition and hydration and its effect on nutritional knowledge was ascertained. Sixty nine per cent male athlete, 84 per cent male non athlete, 80 per cent female athlete, 88 per cent female non athlete had optimal systolic pressure. All male athletes and female athletes and 84 per cent male non athlete and 96 per cent female athlete had normal blood glucose level. Diet of athletes lacked in major foods and nutrients and non athletes was high in fats and sugar. None of them consumed suggested quantity of fluids per day. No contaminating microbes were present in the fluids consumed by the subjects as proved by Total plate count test. Majority of athletes showed average to excellent performance in all four physical fitness tests. Knowledge pertaining to sports nutrition and hydration was very low before nutrition education (4.56-5.4). Education on sports nutrition and hydration imparted to the athletes and non athletes showed increase in knowledge scores (11.24-11.56).

Accelerated pollution of rivers and streams because of human activity are a concern throughout the world. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of coal mine drainage on streams of Jaintia hills, Meghalaya, India. The water quality status and microbial distribution and diversity of streams were assessed for a period of two years. Diversity indices revealed a decline in terms of microbial abundance and composition. Clustering and ordination analysis clearly separated reference site from coal mine affected sites. Low dissolved oxygen, low pH, high sulphate, iron are some characteristics of coal mine impacted sites. These patterns are the result of a combination of rampant dumping of untreated wastes exacerbated by geologic, topographic, climatic and land use factors.

The present study is aimed to investigate the changes in activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver, ovary and muscle of Zebrafish after exposure to 96 h LC5, LC10 and LC20 of synthetic pyrethroid Deltamethrin and neem based formulation Achook. It was found that the activities of ACP and ALP in treated fishes was significantly reduced (p<0.001) in response to treatments of both the pesticides compared with controls. The activity of ACP was reduced to 91, 96 & 92% of controls (100%) in liver, ovary and muscle, respectively for Deltamethrin whereas 96, 98 & 97% for Achook treated fishes after LC5 exposure for 4 days. Also, the activity of ALP was reduced to 65, 60 & 57% of controls (100%) in liver, ovary and muscle respectively after 16 days exposure to LC20 of Deltamethrin. The reduction in ALP activity was 75, 65 & 67% of controls in liver, ovary and muscle, respectively due to Achook at the same concentration and exposure period as that of Deltamethrin. There was a concentration and time dependent inhibition in the activities of both ACP & ALP enzymes after 4, 8, 12 & 16 days of exposure to both the pesticides. The natural pesticides may not be treated safe to the fish and should be used with great cautions.

Metagenomics involves isolation, amplification, cloning and screening of DNA extracted from environmental samples. This direct approach that surmounts the need of cultivating microorganisms has opened up novel facets in biological research. In the absence of appropriate cultivation methods, more than 99% of microbial diversity awaits disclosure. Metagenomics transcends conventional genomics by a direct and comprehensive approach of analyzing a collective metagenome rather than individual genomes. Metagenomic analysis of human and insect gut, acid mine drainage, water bodies etc. have indicated possibility of finding novel organisms, bioactive molecules, pathways and has exposed the nature, role and dynamics of microbial communities in these niches.

Petrographic and geochemical evaluation of pegmatite bodies occurring as discontinuous dykes have been studied in Komu area of southwestern Nigeria, with a view to determine the compositional characteristics that may be related to Ta-Nb mineralization potentials. They are found intruding semi discordantly, the older assemblages of granite gneiss, amphibolites and semi pelitic schist. These Precambrian pegmatites bodies are usually coarse grained in texture. Thin section study reveals that they contain mainly quartz, muscovite mica, plagioclase (albite), microcline as the main minerals while tourmaline and beryl occur in subordinate amounts. Opaque minerals, mainly ilmenite, magnetite and tantalite are of accessory constituents. A total of thirty samples comprising whole rock pegmatites and mineral extract of muscovite mica were analyzed for major, trace and rare earth elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) geochemical method which show the pegmatite samples to be generally highly siliceous with Sio2 values ranging from (46.14-76.71%) with an average of 62.47% in the whole rock samples, and it also ranges from (45.28-57.50%) with an average of 48.34% in the muscovite extract samples. while Al2 O3 content could be as high as 30.72% in the muscovite extract samples and 21.06% in the whole rock samples depicting the complexity of the pegmatite rock. However, Fe2O3, TiO2, and P2O5 contents are generally low (less than 5%). The samples are fairly enriched in Rb, Ba, Sr, Zr and the rare metals Ta, Li, and Nb. Albitization is indicated by Na/K ratio which are greater than (1.0) in most of the samples and Ti-Sn-Nb-Ta discriminate plot. Variation plots of K/Rb versus Rb, Ta versus Rb, Ta versus Nb, Ta versus K/Cs, Ta versus Cs+Rb and Ta versus Cs discriminant plot indicate the potentials of rare metal mineralization. On most of these diagrams, the samples plot close to those of Tanco deposits which are known to contain appreciable levels of Ta-mineralizaton, it also compares favourably with the pegmatite samples of Noumas, Central claims, Silver leaf and Odd west deposits which are known to contain fairly low level of Ta mineralization endowments.

Stormwater runoff, Petroleum Hydrocarbon plumes are found abundantly near big cities and heavy coastal population settlements. These hazards cause deleterious effects on the population in many ways directly or indirectly. Hence these pollution hazards are important and the coastal administrations and population need to be aware of such a danger lurking very close to them. These hazards due to their small size, dynamic and episodic in nature are difficult to be visualized or to sample using in-situ traditional scientific methods. Natural obstructions like cloud cover and complex coastal circulations can hinder to detect and monitor such occurrences in the selected areas chosen for observations. This study takes recourse to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery because the pollution hazards are easily detectable as surfactants are deposited on the sea surface, smoothing capillary and small gravity waves to produce areas of reduced backscatter compared with surrounding ocean. Therefore we are suggesting that SAR imagery, that delivers useful data regardless of darkness or cloud cover, should be made as an important observational tool for assessment and monitoring marine pollution hazards in the areas close to big cities and other developed coastal regions.

Ru/TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were prepared by impregnation method and reduced at two different temperatures, 375°C (LTR) and 575°C (HTR) for 4 hours. The catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, TPR, HRTEM, XRD and XPS techniques. It was found that the XRD of Pt showed fcc crystalline structure, which is uniformly dispersed with an average particles size of 2.9-4.0nm and zero valence metallic state. The catalysts and their activity and selectivity evaluated in liquid phase selective hydrogenation of citral in a semi-batch Parr reactor at 90°C and a hydrogen pressure of 10 MPa and solvent medium of a isopropanol during 6 hours. Amongst the studied catalysts, 1.5%Pt/TiO2 reduced at 575°C had presented higher selectivity in terms of citral towards unsaturated alcohols (Geraniol and Nerol). This is the influence of strong metal supported interaction (SMSI effect) of supported catalysts reduced at 575°C and selectivity to activate C=O hydrogenation increased.

M-agriculture (Mobile agriculture) is a phenomenon of mobile enabled agricultural development for leveraging mobile services to enable agricultural development. ATIC ( Agriculture Technology Information Centre) of the KAU (Kerala Agricultural University) initiated a project on M-agriculture in 2011 using the e-SMS platform developed and offered by Kerala State IT Mission. ATIC had been sending short agricultural messages of 160 characters, twice a week, to around 12,500 farmers across the state of Kerala. A study was conducted on a sample of 110 farmers selected randomly from the list of 12,500 farmers registered with ATIC. Interview was conducted over mobile phones. In the design and treatment of content for mobile alerts, constraints encountered were (a) limitation of message to 160 English characters (b) message incompleteness (c) seasonal relevance (d) multiplicity of crops in homesteads (e) unintended distortion of messages and (f) inability to use local language. Content of the SMS was primarily sourced from scientists involved in extension activities other than from those involved in basic research. In dissemination through mobile phones, since the personal motivation component is rather weak mere information/knowledge is just not enough for farmers to act. It is the human touch that helps in persuading and motivating farmers to adopt technologies and practices. Messages triggered verbal interaction than message forwards. With regard to message categories, farmers preferred scientific agricultural practices to information about new varieties and expert contact information. The need of the hour is to provide requisite information at the requisitioned time and mobile phones do cater to this particular aspect.

Lignocellulosic biomass includes wheat straw, corn stover, rice straw, cotton stalk etc. which are renewable resources of energy. These agricultural lignocellulosic wastes are attractive substrate for production of bioethanol. The main challenge for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic wastes is the conversion of lignin containing polymer in to delignified monomer. Acid hydrolysis is conventional process for this conversion. To avoid undesirable side reaction and minimize the environmental issues, the acid hydrolysis has divided in to two steps involving the treatment with concentrated acid in first step for decrystallization followed by dilute acid hydrolysis. In the present work effectiveness of different concentration of sulphuric acid on cotton stalk has been studied and solubilisation of fermentable sugar and specifically dextrose were checked at regular interval of time. The result of this study show that 75% H2SO4 at fixed sample-acid ratio of 1:2 (by weight) followed by dilution up to 1N, steam treatment at 121oC for 30 min. and heating up to four hour at 90oC gives maximum yield of glucose (0.24 g/g of biomass) and fermentable sugar (0.45 g/g of biomass).

TridaxprocumbensLinn.andArgemonemexicanaLinn. are the two important medicinal plants used in the present study to determine the colonisation frequencyof endophytic bacteria, actinomycetes&fungi and antimicrobial activity of fungi. The endophytic fungi from leaves,stem and roots of both the plants were identified based on the morphology and characteristics of fungal spores. The crude extracts of fermentation broth of endophytic fungi were prepared in ethyl acetate, diethyl ether and water for testing against pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicansby agar well diffusion method. The ethyl acetate and diethyl ether extracts of Aspergillusflavuswere found to inhibit the growth of both Gram positive as well as Gram negative bacteria. The diethyl ether extracts of Aspergillusfumigatusshowed inhibitory effects against Candida albicans.The data shows that endophyticAspergillusflavusobtained from Tridaxprocumbensappears to show broad spectrum antimicrobial properties.

Pollution of surface water has been growing incessantly in India particularly due to the indiscriminate discharge of waste water from various sources without using any water treatment techniques. Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment (GWSSA), 2000 reported that the water related diseases kill a child every eight seconds and are responsible for all illness and death in the world. The scarcity for good quality drinking is increasingly becoming a rising issue and has invited attention. Hence, in this paper an attempt has been made to study about water quality of the Sulur tank which is located at 11.030N and 77.130E of Coimbatore district, India. The tank is heavily polluted due to domestic waste water discharge. The water quality of the tank was analyzed by collecting samples from a point on weekly basis from December 2010 to March 2011. The various physio – chemical and biological parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Hardness, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Nitrate, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen are analyzed experimentally as per the Indian Standards. The range of the test results obtained are as follows pH (7.2-9.1) , Electrical Conductivity (1330 – 1946.9 µohm/cm) , Turbidity (0.4 – 0.7 NTU) , Total Dissolved Solids ( 770 – 4801.20 mg/l) ,Total Suspended Solids ( 0.3 – 4.5 mg/l) ,Total Hardness ( 48.2 – 237.15 mg/l) , Alkalinity (360 – 900 mg/l) , Nitrate ( 0.56 – 5.17 mg/l) , Calcium Hardness (100 – 156mg/l) , Magnesium Hardness (48 – 105.6 mg/l) , Biological Oxygen Demand ( 18 -29 mg/L) , Chemical Oxygen Demand (98 – 220 mg/l ) , Dissolved Oxygen (17 – 25 mg/l). These parameters are important factors for accessing quality of water. The variation in the test result is due to domestic discharge to the tank and seasonal condition. Using the results, the regression equations are established using SPSS 16. The parameters were correlated using Principal Component Analysis method by which, the highly correlated parameters (r>0.5) were formulated into regression equations. The results useful for the rapid and reliable monitoring measures are essential for keeping a close watch on water quality and healthy environment. The obtained equations are programmed using .NET. Thus the framework helps to predict the future state of water quality easily.

Thousands of people die every year because of cancer due to limitation of medical sources and unable to use the existing sources effectively. Loss of patients can be reduced by using the numerical (quantitative) techniques in the system of Medical and Health. Cancer is a genetic disease which is developed by the abnormal cell increase and cell growth as a result of DNA damage and cells being out of the Program. The earlier cancer is diagnosed, so the treatment would be that successful. In this study, the risks of getting cancer for selected pilot people will be discovered by applying the mamdani Fuzzy Logic Model and suggestions will be submitted to the persons to eliminate these risks. In order to resolve the problem, the available figures have been evaluated; leading method and sample have been presented together with fuzzy logic model as a new modality. The reason for selection of fuzzy logic model in this study is that the system uses fuzzy logic model enables to provide effective results depending on uncertain verbal knowledge just like logic of human being. When received good results from the study; our system will make a prediagnosis for the people who possibly can have risk of getting cancer due to working conditions or living standards therefore; this will enable these people to take precautions to the risk of cancer. Besides, the contribution of fuzzy logic model in the field of health and topics of artificial intelligence will also be examined in this study.

The sinusoidal characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation upon the influence of momentum transfer in dry season of pond system were studied. Both frequency and time responses are used to elucidate the dynamics characteristics of sinusoidal input. The process used for illustration purposes is the continuous discharge of effluent wastewater into a batch reactor (pond) of which the transport of the contaminants within the system is dependent of velocity, frequency and time. Having noted that, the phase lag, output characteristics and process time influence the biodegradation process as well as the momentum transfer, this paper show how sinusoidal input of momentum transfer influence the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in pond system.