Genetic variation and grain yield analysis in late sown wheat variety

The present study was estimating the association between grain yield and its component, which is essential to improvement yield traits. In 6 wheat genotypes analyze the genetic variability and correlation of germplasm in last week of December at Field Experimentation in Agricultural farm, BHU, Varanasi during Rabi season 2015-16. The significant mean sum of squares for most of the characters indicated the presence of substantial amount of variability. The differences between GCV and PCV for important characters studied indicating the less effect of environment on the expression of these characters. The GCV was observed high for grain yield followed by harvest index, canopy temperature and total grain yield. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was exhibited high by canopy temperature followed by tillers per plant, spike length and grain weight per spike. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height followed by harvest index. Grain yield exhibited positive significant correlation with 100 grain weight, grain weight per spike, spike length, grain filling period, harvest index, tillers per plant, test weight, days to maturity and canopy temperature depression at different genotypic level. Therefore selection can be expressed upon these characters for yield improvement of wheat in late sown condition. The results revealed that wheat planted on of December 2015 produced low spike length, plant height and grain yield with a comparable number of tillers and number of grains per spike. There was 9.4% reduction in grain yield as compared to late sowing. However, it showed negative significant correlation with plant height and grain yield in both environment. The path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield per plant is the major contributor towards the grain yield per plant. Hence, main emphasis should be given on biological yield in breeding program.