
Single extraction of solid phase metals in soil using selective chemical extractants such as strong chelating agent has been used to indicate the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Chelating agent like DTPA is used as the common extractant to determine the bioavailability of metals in soils. Bioavailability of metals in soil is controlled by several chemical reaction like adsorption, desorption and precipitation. These reaction govern the chemical equilibrium of metal ions in solid and solution phases in soil. Use of plants which are hyper accumulators of metals like different species of Brassica for phytoremediation of polluted soils. Chemical immobilization of heavy metals by the application of amendments like lime, FYM, phosphate and their combination.